Studies on the efficacy of Chloramine T trihydrate (N-chloro-p-toluene sulfonamide) against planktonic and sessile populations of different Legionella pneumophila strains

Sanli-Yurudu, Nazmiye Ozlem; Kimiran-Erdem, Ayten; Çotuk, Ayşın

doi:10.1016/j.ijheh.2006.08.004

Cited by 15 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Nowadays, several studies were conducted to evaluate the efficiency of several treatments in hot water systems and cooling towers at the laboratory-scale (Viera et al 1999;Lomander et al 2004;Codony et al 2005;Buckingham-Meyer et al 2007;Hwang et al 2007), or at pilotscale (Parent et al 1996;Norton and LeChevallier 2000;Saby et al 2005) or at larger field-scale (Flannery et al 2006;Sanli-Yurudu et al 2007). In addition, some authors studied the effect of heat shock treatment on the survival of Legionella (Rogers et al 1994;Miuetzner et al 1997;Lin et al 1998;Peiro Callizo et al 2005).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of a pilot‐scale 1 for Legionella elimination in biofilm in hot water network: heat shock treatment evaluation

Farhat

Trouilhé

Briand³

et al. 2010

Journal of Applied Microbiology

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Aims: (i) To develop an analytical tool in order to evaluate the effectiveness of anti‐Legionella treatment in biofilm and (ii) study the fate of Legionella populations in water and biofilm after applying a heat shock treatment. Methods and Results: A pilot‐scale unit simulating a hot water system was built and designed by the Scientific and Technical Building Centre (CSTB, France). At the end of the contamination period, a stable cultivable Legionella spp. concentration of 5 × 105 CFU l−1 was obtained. Two heat shock treatments (70°C for 30 min) were applied. The results showed that the first treatment had a transitional effect on the abatement of Legionella concentrations, while the second treatment had no detectable effect on Legionella populations in water and biofilm. The DAPI (4′,6′‐diamidino‐2‐phenylindole), Legionella PCR and GVPC (glycocolle vancomycin pyrophosphate cycloheximide) counts measured in the dead leg water of the Test Loop were 1, 2 and 2 log units higher than results found in the Test Loop water. Moreover, Legionella spp. count in tap water was about 104 GU l−1. These analyses revealed that they are responsible for the rapid recolonization as well as the uncomplete destroyed biofilm. In addition, a resistance test was conducted and showed that Legionella in the second heat shock treatment was not thermo‐resistant but thermo‐acclimated. Conclusion: Thermal disinfection does not seem to be efficient enough to eliminate Legionella when it is used as a curative treatment. Significance and Impact of the Study: This work could help water managers for a better management of water network and for a better control of Legionella.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of a pilot‐scale 1 for Legionella elimination in biofilm in hot water network: heat shock treatment evaluation

Farhat

Trouilhé

Briand³

et al. 2010

Journal of Applied Microbiology

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“…In general, oxidizing biocides were found to be more effective than non-oxidizing ones against legionellae [5,16,17]. In the present study oxidizing biocide (CSHP) was found more effective than non-oxidizing biocide (BNPD) in terms of contact times, log reductions and recommended concentrations.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 50%

“…At the time points given above, biocide-bacteria suspensions were incubated at 37°C and aliquots were processed as described above. The controls consisted of Legionella bacteria in Cl 2 -free sterile tap water containing no biocide [16,17]. All of the experiments were done in triplicates.…”

Section: Determination Of Biocidal Activitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficacy of Colloidal Silver-Hydrogen Peroxide and 2-Bromo-2-nitroporopane-1,3-diol Compounds Against Different Serogroups of Legionella pneumophila Strains

et al. 2011

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Cooling towers are considered as amplifier and disseminator sources for Legionella spp. despite preventive treatments. Information which was obtained from biocidal tests could improve the effectiveness of treatments. Therefore, the choice of appropriate biocides and the applying of biocides in correct dosages and contact times are important. Various oxidizing and non-oxidizing biocides have been investigated in vitro for their effectiveness against legionellae. Colloidal silver-hydrogen peroxide (CSHP) and 2-bromo-2-nitroporopane-1,3-diol (BNPD) biocides were selected as an example for oxidizing and non-oxidizing agents, respectively, in view of bactericidal action against different serogroups of L. pneumophila strains [serogroup 1 (S1) and serogroup 2-14 (S2)] which are isolated different cooling towers in the vicinity of Istanbul, Turkey and reference strain. In the current study, oxidizing biocide was found more effective than non-oxidizing biocide in terms of contact times, log reductions and recommended dosages. At the recommended concentrations for cooling towers (100 ppm), while CSHP compound killed all strains in 3 h contact time, BNPD compound killed S2 and reference strain in the same contact time, S1 strain after 6 h contact time. The results of the present study showed that effective biocide applications can be achieved by pre-determining minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum contact time of different biocides to kill target bacteria.

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“…The water temperature is assumed as the prime factor affecting their incidence [55,56]. Legionellae appear to have a predilection for the warm water encountered in artificial environments, such as man-made systems.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of <i>Legionella</i> spp. in Natural and Man-made Water Systems Using Standard Guidelines

Borges¹,

Simes²,

Martínez‐Murcia³

et al. 2012

MICROBIOLOGY

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Infections caused by Legionella spp. are considered at the present time, an emerging public health problem and are linked to high rates of mortality and morbidity, if not properly treated. In this study were analyzed 54 samples of water from 8 counties at Northern Portugal, with the aim of obtaining a collection of strains of the genus Legionella and to characterize them genetically and phenotypically. Another objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the technique of cultivation, a standard method according to International Organization for Standardization ISO 11731:1998, for detection and enumeration of species of Legionella. For laboratory processing, after the filtration of samples (1 L), the filtrate was resuspended in sterile distilled water (5 ml). Heat treatment for selective inhibition of non-Legionella bacteria was performed. Subsequently, 100 μl of the suspension was spread in GVPC selective agar medium, and incubated (7 to 10 days) at 37 ℃. Colonies that were morphologically characteristic of the genus were sub-cultured onto BCYE agar and blood agar for verification. According to the procedure recommended by the standard method, only the colonies which grew in BCYE agar and not on blood agar were considered as suspected Legionella strains. The identification of these initially selected colonies was performed by sequencing the 16S rRNA gene, which revealed that none of the isolates were identified as belonging to the genus Legionella. However, through the ISO 11731:1998 they were interpreted as positive, corresponding therefore to "false-positive" results. The methods used in this study allowed the isolation of a number of isolates (40), which form an independent group of all genus of the family Chitinophagaceae outlined so far, and that by their phylogenetic distance might be a genus not yet described and therefore a new species. The results obtained, highlighted the importance of using culture and genetic methods in parallel for the proper identification of microorganisms.

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Studies on the efficacy of Chloramine T trihydrate (N-chloro-p-toluene sulfonamide) against planktonic and sessile populations of different Legionella pneumophila strains

Cited by 15 publications

References 15 publications

Development of a pilot‐scale 1 for Legionella elimination in biofilm in hot water network: heat shock treatment evaluation

Development of a pilot‐scale 1 for Legionella elimination in biofilm in hot water network: heat shock treatment evaluation

Efficacy of Colloidal Silver-Hydrogen Peroxide and 2-Bromo-2-nitroporopane-1,3-diol Compounds Against Different Serogroups of Legionella pneumophila Strains

Detection of <i>Legionella</i> spp. in Natural and Man-made Water Systems Using Standard Guidelines

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