Studies on the Ecological Relations of Bees in the Chicago Region

Pearson, J. Matt

doi:10.2307/1943111

Cited by 30 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 17 publications

(3 reference statements)

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“…The entire bee community comprises many rare species, even at the local level, and this phenomenon of widespread rarity is consistent with many large-scale bee surveys (Barbola andLaroca 1993, Williams et al 2001, but see Pearson 1933, Kevan et al 1997. Carmel National Reserve, Israel, supports a diverse bee fauna, which shows great variation over space and time.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 76%

Linking Bees and Flowers: How Do Floral Communities Structure Pollinator Communities?

Potts

Vulliamy

Dafni

et al. 2003

Ecology

617

532

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Pollinators provide essential ecosystem services, and declines in some pollinator communities around the world have been reported. Understanding the fundamental components defining these communities is essential if conservation and restoration are to be successful. We examined the structure of plant-pollinator communities in a dynamic Mediterranean landscape, comprising a mosaic of post-fire regenerating habitats, and which is a recognized global hotspot for bee diversity. Each community was characterized by a highly skewed species abundance distribution, with a few dominant and many rare bee species, and was consistent with a log series model indicating that a few environmental factors govern the community.Floral community composition, the quantity and quality of forage resources present, and the geographic locality organized bee communities at various levels: (1) The overall structure of the bee community (116 species), as revealed through ordination, was dependent upon nectar resource diversity (defined as the variety of nectar volume-concentration combinations available), the ratio of pollen to nectar energy, floral diversity, floral abundance, and post-fire age.(2) Bee diversity, measured as species richness, was closely linked to floral diversity (especially of annuals), nectar resource diversity, and post-fire age of the habitat. (3) The abundance of the most common species was primarily related to post-fire age, grazing intensity, and nesting substrate availability. Ordination models based on agecharacteristic post-fire floral community structure explained 39-50% of overall variation observed in bee community structure. Cluster analysis showed that all the communities shared a high degree of similarity in their species composition (27-59%); however, the geographical location of sites also contributed a smaller but significant component to bee community structure.We conclude that floral resources act in specific and previously unexplored ways to modulate the diversity of the local geographic species pool, with specific disturbance factors, superimposed upon these patterns, mainly affecting the dominant species.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 76%

Linking Bees and Flowers: How Do Floral Communities Structure Pollinator Communities?

Potts

Vulliamy

Dafni

et al. 2003

Ecology

617

532

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“…3). Finally, though ongoing discovery of new state records is routine in much of North America, it is noteworthy for Illinois given that its fauna has long been studied in exceptional detail (e.g., Robertson 1929, Pearson 1933, Tonietto 2008, Grixti et al 2009, Tonietto and Ascher 2009, Tonietto et al 2011, Molumby and Przybylowicz 2012, Burkle et al 2013, Ksiazek et al 2014, Lowenstein et al 2014. In our study, three above-ground nesting species (Hylaeus affinis, Xylocopa virginica, and Ceratina dupla) were responsible for much of the differentiation among site types (Table 1).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bee communities along a prairie restoration chronosequence: similar abundance and diversity, distinct composition

Tonietto

Ascher

Larkin

2017

Ecological Applications

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Recognition of the importance of bee conservation has grown in response to declines of managed honey bees and some wild bee species. Habitat loss has been implicated as a leading cause of declines, suggesting that ecological restoration is likely to play an increasing role in bee conservation efforts. In the midwestern United States, restoration of tallgrass prairie has traditionally targeted plant community objectives without explicit consideration for bees. However, restoration of prairie vegetation is likely to provide ancillary benefits to bees through increased foraging and nesting resources. We investigated community assembly of bees across a chronosequence of restored eastern tallgrass prairies and compared patterns to those in control and reference habitats (old fields and prairie remnants, respectively). We collected bees for 3 yr and measured diversity and abundance of in-bloom flowering plants, vegetation structure, ground cover, and surrounding land use as predictors of bee abundance and bee taxonomic and functional diversity. We found that site-level variables, but not site type or restoration age, were significant predictors of bee abundance (bloom diversity, P = 0.004; bare ground cover, P = 0.02) and bee diversity (bloom diversity, P = 0.01). There were significant correlations between overall composition of bee and blooming plant communities (Mantel test, P = 0.002), and both plant and bee assemblages in restorations were intermediate between those of old fields and remnant prairies. Restorations exhibited high bee beta diversity, i.e., restored sites' bee assemblages were taxonomically and functionally differentiated from each other. This pattern was strong in younger restorations (<20 yr old), but absent from older restorations (>20 yr), suggesting restored prairie bee communities become more similar to one another and more similar to remnant prairie bee communities over time with the arrival of more species and functional groups of bees. Our results indicate that old fields, restorations, and remnants provide habitat for diverse and abundant bee communities, but continued restoration of old fields will help support and conserve bee communities more similar to reference bee communities characteristic of remnant prairies.

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“…The area effect stems, in part, from an increase in the diversity of habitats covered during the survey. Comparison of two years of sampling by Pearson (1933) in the Chicago, Illinois, USA, region (>10,000 ha) with two years of sampling at the George Reserve, Michigan, USA (7.7 ha; Evans 1986) illustrates this point (see Table 1). The Chicago survey included many habitats and plant communities, whereas the E. S. George reserve represented a single old-field habitat.…”

Section: Effects Of Sampling Effort and Area Sampledmentioning

confidence: 93%

Variation in Native Bee Faunas and its Implications for Detecting Community Changes

Williams¹,

Minckley²,

Silveira³

2001

253

210

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Changes in flower-visiting insect populations or communities that result from human impacts can be documented by measuring spatial or temporal trends, or by comparing abundance or species composition before and after disturbance. The level of naturally occurring variation in populations and communities over space and time will dictate the sampling effort required to detect human-induced changes. We compiled a set of existing surveys of the bee faunas of natural communities from around the world to examine patterns of abundance and richness. We focused on a subset of these studies to illustrate variation in bee communities among different sites and within sites over different spatial and temporal scales. We used examples from our compilation and other published studies to illustrate sampling approaches that maximize the value of future sampling efforts. Existing studies suggest that bee faunas are locally diverse, highly variable in space and time, and often rich in rare species. All of these attributes indicate that intense sampling among sites and years will be required to differentiate changes due to specific impacts from the natural dynamics of populations and communities. Given the limits on Conservation Ecology: Variation in Native Bee Faunas and Its Implication... http://www.ecologyandsociety.org/vol5/iss1/art7/ 1 of 21 9/26/2008 12:12 AM time and funding for studying bees, approaches that maximize information for effort must be sought for future studies.Reliable information on population and community changes may be gleaned from examining "functional groups" rather than entire faunas. Regardless of the purpose of the study, standardized sampling protocols using replicated designs will increase the value of data. Standardization permits statistical testing of changes in bee populations and communities, and allows for rigorous comparison between studies.

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Studies on the Ecological Relations of Bees in the Chicago Region

Cited by 30 publications

References 17 publications

Linking Bees and Flowers: How Do Floral Communities Structure Pollinator Communities?

Linking Bees and Flowers: How Do Floral Communities Structure Pollinator Communities?

Bee communities along a prairie restoration chronosequence: similar abundance and diversity, distinct composition

Variation in Native Bee Faunas and its Implications for Detecting Community Changes

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