Studies on the development of a vaginal preparation providing both prophylaxis against venereal disease and other genital infections and contraception. II. Effect in vitro of vaginal contraceptive and non-contraceptive preparations on Treponema pallidum and Neisseria gonorrhoeae.

Singh, Balwant; Cutler, John C.; Utidjian, H M

doi:10.1136/sti.48.1.57

Cited by 40 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Non-9 is the active ingredient in a wide variety of vaginal contraceptive foams, creams, jellies, and suppositories. Earlier in vitro studies using non-9 have demonstrated antimicrobial activity against Neisseria gonorrhea (4,12), Trichomonas vaginalis (4,12), Treponema pallidum (12), Candida albicans (13), Herpes simplex virus (2,14), and Ureaplasma urealyticum (1). Many attempts have been made to assess such activity against C. trachomatis infection in vitro.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

In vitro activity of nonoxynol 9 on HeLa 229 cells and primary monkey cervical epithelial cells infected with Chlamydia trachomatis

Patton

Wang

Kuo

1992

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

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Nonoxynol 9 (non-9) is the active ingredient in a wide variety of vaginal contraceptive preparations. The manufacturer recommendation for optimal contraceptive practice is repeated application every 6 h. We studied the in vitro activity of non-9 against Chlamydia trachomatis (E/UW-5/Cx) and its toxicity against HeLa 229 cells and monkey cervical epithelial cells. With a contact time of 6 h, non-9 was toxic to HeLa cells at concentrations of 50 ,ug/ml or greater and to monkey cervical cells at 100 ,ug/ml or greater. Inhibitory effects of non-9 on extracellular chiamydiae were observed at concentrations of 50 ,ug/ml or greater. Inhibition of intracellular growth of chlamydiae in monkey cervical cells was observed at a nontoxic concentration of 50 ,ug/ml. Our studies show that non-9 has antichlamydial activity. However, owing to its toxicity to cervical cells in vitro, the effects of prolonged use of non-9 in vivo should be further studied.

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confidence: 99%

In vitro activity of nonoxynol 9 on HeLa 229 cells and primary monkey cervical epithelial cells infected with Chlamydia trachomatis

Patton

Wang

Kuo

1992

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

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“…With concentrations of nonoxynol-9 in the same range or higher than those used in this study, partial inhibition of herpes simplex virus (1, 10) and complete inhibition of T. pallidum and N. gonorrhoeae (9) have been reported. The cytotoxicity of nonoxynol-9 did not allow us to make an assessment beyond 100 pug/ml of the first two experiments and 5,000 ,ug/ml in the third experiment.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 65%

Inhibition of growth of Chlamydia trachomatis by nonoxynol-9 in vitro

Benes¹,

McCormack²

1985

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

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We evaluated the ability of the widely used spermicide nonoxynol-9, Conceptrol gel containing nonoxynol-9, and Conceptrol vehicle (without nonoxynol-9) to inhibit the formation of inclusions of Chiamydia trahomais in cycloheximide-treated McCoy cells. Conceptrol vehicle produced a non-dose-related 40 to 59% reduction of the number of inclusions formed. In contrast, the addition of nonoxynol-9 and Conceptrol gel containing nonoxynol-9 at a concentration of 100 ig/ml reduced the number of inclusions by 84 to 95%. Prolongation of contact between nonoxynol-9 and the chlamydial organisms from 90 to 180 min did not result in additional inhibition. Using a higher concentration of chiamydial organisms and diluting the drug-chiamydia mixture before inoculation of the monolayers, we were able to test higher concentrations of nonoxynol-9. At concentrations of 100 to 5,000 tig of nonoxynol-9 per ml, a dose-related 19 to 84% reduction of the number of inclusions was noted.The recognition in recent years of Chlamydia trachomatis as one of the mnost common sexually transmitted pathogens (5, 7) has led to the current interest in these agents (6). Chlamydiae are obligate intracellular parasites with a unique developmental cycle (8). Like other bacterial infections, chlamydial diseases are amenable to treatment with antimicrobial agents.Several studies have shown that spermicides containing nonoxynol-9 inhibit the growth in vitro of Treponema pallidum (9), Neisseria gonorrhoeae (9), and herpes simplex virus (1, 10). Studies suggesting a protective effect of these drugs against genital infection in vivo have also been published (3, 4).This investigation was undertaken to assess the effect of nonoxynol-9 on the growth of C. trachomatis in cell culture. MATERIALS AND METHODSOur media, reagents, materials, and procedures for handling cells and stock cultures and for chlamydial cultivation have been previously reported (2).Three-day-old McCoy cells were suspended in growth medium at a concentration of 2.8 x 105 cells per ml. To achieve a confluent monolayer, 1 ml of this suspension was inoculated onto 12-mm cover slips in 15-mm vials and incubated for 24 h at 370C in 3.5% CO2. A type D laboratory-adapted strain of C. trachomatis, originally isolated from a newborn with inclusion copjunctivitis, was used. This isolate was kindly supplied by Julius Schachter (World Health Organization Reference Center for Chlamydial Infections, San Francisco, Calif.).Conceptrol gel (Ortho Pharmaceutical Corp., Raritan, N.J.), an over-the-counter preparation containing 4% nonoxynol-9, was tested,: as were pure nonoxynol-9 and Conceptrol vehicle, which contained all of the components of Conceptrol gel except nonoxynol-9. These products were provided through the courtesy of Bodhar M. Malyk (Ortho). * Corresponding author. 724The products containing nonoxynol-9 were diluted in growth medium to achieve final concentrations of 1 to 200 ,ug of nonoxynol-9 per ml. The Conceptrol vehicle was diluted in amounts equivalent to those of Conceptrol gel. Chlamydial st...

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“…Studies have reported that sexually transmitted pathogens, such as N gonorrhoeae, C trachomatis, Trichomonas, and HIV, do not survive short exposure to this surfactant. 5,6,8,11 With the emergence of HIV as a sexually transmitted pathogen, several researchers sought to demonstrate its effectiveness in the prevention of disease acquisition in women. Although some publications reported its ability to prevent the acquisition of gonorrhea, C trachomatis, and HIV (for reviews see reference 2), some studies reported little protective effects and some reported an increase in the incidence of STIs such as HIV.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Why Nonoxynol-9 May Have Failed to Prevent Acquisition of Neisseria gonorrhoeae in Clinical Trials

Moncla

Hillier²

2005

Sexually Transmitted Diseases

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N gonorrhoeae and H2O2-producing strains of vaginal lactobacilli were not killed by nonoxynol-9 at concentrations greater than those achievable in vivo. Earlier studies that formed the basis for subsequent trials most likely did not detect resistance because too few isolates were evaluated. Large numbers of clinical isolates should be examined before the initiation of clinical trial using microbicidal products.

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Studies on the development of a vaginal preparation providing both prophylaxis against venereal disease and other genital infections and contraception. II. Effect in vitro of vaginal contraceptive and non-contraceptive preparations on Treponema pallidum and Neisseria gonorrhoeae.

Cited by 40 publications

References 5 publications

In vitro activity of nonoxynol 9 on HeLa 229 cells and primary monkey cervical epithelial cells infected with Chlamydia trachomatis

In vitro activity of nonoxynol 9 on HeLa 229 cells and primary monkey cervical epithelial cells infected with Chlamydia trachomatis

Inhibition of growth of Chlamydia trachomatis by nonoxynol-9 in vitro

Why Nonoxynol-9 May Have Failed to Prevent Acquisition of Neisseria gonorrhoeae in Clinical Trials

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