Studies on the Development of the Air Pores and Air Chambers of Marchantia paleacea

Apostolakos, P.; Galatis, B.; Mitrakos, K.

doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aob.a086262

Cited by 27 publications

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“…The first and the third of the above cell types undergo asymmetrical divisions. Before division, they becotne polarized and form a cylindrical outgrowth (Galatis & Apostolakos, 1977;Apostolakos, 1980;Apostolakos, Galatis & Mitrakos, 1982). PFCs are tubular cells growing freely in the air chambers and dividing symmetrically and/or asymmetrically to produce short branched photosynthetic filaments (Apostolakos, 1980;Apostolakos et al,, 1982).…”

Section: Ppbs Have Been Recorded Only Inmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Apical portions of Marchantia paleacea thalli were prepared for light and electron microscopy as described elsewhere (Galatis & Apostolakos, 1977;Apostolakos et al,, 1982). Microtubule organization in PFCs and MP was examined in both serial thin sections and immunofluorescence specimens.…”

Section: Flectron Microscopymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some of the cells of the floor and partitions of the air chambers become PFMCs (see also Apostolakos, 1980;Apostolakos et al, 1982). They usually contain relatively large vacuoles and well-differentiated chloroplasts (Figs 1, 3, 9).…”

Section: Photosynthetic Filament Mother Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…15). Their growth is accomplished mainly by synthesis of cytoplasm and proliferation of organelles (see also Apostolakos et al, 1982). In developing PFCs the nucleus is centrally placed (Figs 15,17).…”

Section: Photosynthetic Filament Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Interphase and preprophase microtubule organization in some polarized cell types of the liverwort Marchantia paleacea Bert.

Apostolakos

Galatis

1993

New Phytologist

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SUMMARYThe organization of interphase and preprophase-prophase microtubules was studied in photosynthetic filament mother cells (PFMCs), photosynthetic filament cells (PFCs), mucilage papilla mother cells (MPMCs) and mucilage papillae (MP) oi Marchantia paleacea Bert. These cell types exhibit polarized growth resulting, (a) in the formation of cell outgrowths followed by asymmetrical division (PFMCs and MPMCs), or (b) in the development of a tubular cell shape (PFCs and MP). The above cell types display an interphase cortical microtubule ring perpendicular to the axis of growth. In PFMCs and MPMCs it resides at the base of the cell outgrowth, while in PFCs and MP it has a median location. This microtubule ring is involved in the deposition of transverse, circumferentially aligned, cellulose microfibrils, defines the site where cell protrusion formation occurs and affects cell morphogenesis. In differentiated MP microtubules are rearranged in longitudinal or oblique cortical arrays. PFCs and MP also contain a prominent system of endoplasmic microtubules which may be involved in cytoplasmic polarization. In PFMCs, PFCs and MPMCs the interphase microtubule ring seems to function as a preprophase microtubule band (PPB). In the asymmetrically dividing PFMCs and MPMCs the PPB is complete but in symmetrically dividing PFCs it may be interrupted. The cell plate meets the parent wall at sites adjacent to the PPB cortical zone. These observations reveal further peculiarities in cortical microtubule organization and particularly in the PPBs of M. pateacea. Possible factors underlying the formation of complete or interrupted PPBs are discussed.

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Section: Ppbs Have Been Recorded Only Inmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Flectron Microscopymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Photosynthetic Filament Mother Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Photosynthetic Filament Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Interphase and preprophase microtubule organization in some polarized cell types of the liverwort Marchantia paleacea Bert.

Apostolakos

Galatis

1993

New Phytologist

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“…The air chambers in M. polymorpha contain a large ICS containing photosynthetic filaments developed from the subepidermis and connected with the external environment by means of air pores formed in the epidermis at the center of the chamber (Barnes and Land, 1907;Apostolakos et al, 1982). The morphology of the air pores and filaments in the air chambers are analogous to stomata and spongy mesophyll in leaves of vascular plants and are believed to facilitate gas exchange during photosynthesis, transpiration, and respiration, especially under waterlogged conditions (Schönherr and Ziegler, 1975;Green and Snelgar, 1982).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Essential Role of the E3 Ubiquitin Ligase NOPPERABO1 in Schizogenous Intercellular Space Formation in the Liverwort Marchantia polymorpha

et al. 2013

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The vast majority of land plants develop gas-exchange tissues with intercellular spaces (ICSs) connected directly to the air. Although the developmental processes of ICS have been described in detail at the morphological and ultrastructural level in diverse land plants, little is known about the molecular mechanism responsible for ICS formation. The liverwort Marchantia polymorpha develops a multilayered tissue with a large ICS (air chamber), whose formation is initiated at selected positions of epidermal cells. We isolated a mutant of M. polymorpha showing impaired air-chamber formation, nopperabo1 (nop1), from T-DNA-tagged lines. In nop1 plants, no ICS was formed; consequently, a single-layered epidermis developed on the dorsal side of the thallus. The causal gene NOP1 encodes a Plant U-box (PUB) E3 ubiquitin ligase carrying tandem ARMADILLO (ARM) repeats in the C terminus. An in vitro ubiquitination assay indicated that the NOP1 protein possesses E3 ubiquitin ligase activity in a U-box-dependent manner. Confocal microscopy and biochemical analysis showed that NOP1 was localized to the plasma membrane. Our investigation demonstrated the essential role of the PUB-ARM-type ubiquitin ligase in ICS formation in M. polymorpha, which sheds light on the molecular mechanism of schizogenous ICS formation in land plants.

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The involvement of phospholipases C and D in the asymmetric division of subsidiary cell mother cells ofZea mays

Apostolakos

Panteris

Galatis

2008

Cell Motil. Cytoskeleton

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In the present study, the involvement of phospholipase C and D (PLC and PLD) pathways in the asymmetric divisions that produce the stomatal complexes of Zea mays was investigated. In particular, the polar organization of microtubules (MTs) and actin filaments (AFs) and the process of asymmetric division were studied in subsidiary cell mother cells (SMCs) treated with PLC and PLD modulators. In SMCs treated with butanol-1 (but-1), which blocks phosphatidic acid (PA) production via PLDs, AF-patch formation laterally to the inducing guard cell mother cell (GMC) and the subsequent asymmetric division were inhibited. In these SMCs, cell division plane determination, as expressed by MT preprophase band (MT-PPB) formation, was not disturbed. Exogenously applied PA partially relieved the but-1 effects on SMCs. In contrast to SMCs, but-1 did not affect the symmetric GMC division. Inhibition of the PLC catalytic activity by neomycin or U73122 resulted in inhibition of asymmetric SMC division, while AF-patch and MT-PPB were organized as in control SMCs. These data show that the PLC and PLD signaling pathways are involved in the transduction and/or perception of the inductive stimulus that is emitted by the GMCs and induces the polar AF organization and asymmetric SMC division. In contrast, division plane determination in SMCs, as expressed by MT-PPB formation, does not depend on PLC and PLD signaling pathways.

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Studies on the Development of the Air Pores and Air Chambers of Marchantia paleacea

Cited by 27 publications

References 0 publications

Interphase and preprophase microtubule organization in some polarized cell types of the liverwort Marchantia paleacea Bert.

Interphase and preprophase microtubule organization in some polarized cell types of the liverwort Marchantia paleacea Bert.

Essential Role of the E3 Ubiquitin Ligase NOPPERABO1 in Schizogenous Intercellular Space Formation in the Liverwort Marchantia polymorpha

The involvement of phospholipases C and D in the asymmetric division of subsidiary cell mother cells ofZea mays

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