Studies on the critical temperature of thermal explosion for 3‐Nitro‐1,2,4‐triazol‐5‐one (NTO) and its salts

Abstract

Untersuchungen iiber die kritische Temperatur der thermischenExplosion von 3-Nitro-l,2,4-Triazol-S-on (NTO) und dessen Salzen Die kritische Temperatur der thermischen Explosion (W2nneexplosion) fur NTO und dessen Ethylendiammoniumsalz (ENTO), Kaliumsalz (KNTO), Kupfersalz (CuNTO) und Bleisalz (PbNTO) wurde erhalten unter Anwendung der stationaren Theorie der thermischen Explosion, der Rechenoperation zur Bestimmung der kritischen Temperatur der thermischen Explosion unter nicht-isothermen DSC-Bedingungen und der Bestimmungsmethode fur die kritische Temperatur der thermischen Explosion von Kleinstmengen an festen Sprengstoffen und deren Datenverarbeitungsmethode. Die Ergebnisse der vier Methoden stimmen iiberein innerhalb der Fehlergrenze von 5%. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, daR die Warmebestandigkeit von NTO und seinen Salzen und der bekannten Sprengstoffe HMX, RDX, PETN und Tetryl abnimmt in der Reihenfolge HMX > NTO > ENTO > KNTO > RDX > PETN > Tetryl > PbNTO > CuNTO.

Computational study of the catalytic synthesis of 5‐nitro‐1,2,4‐triazol‐3‐one

“…detonation velocity and detonation pressure) and high insensitivity [12,[17][18][19][20][21] that might endure heavily mechanical and thermal impact. NTO is in widespread use as a propellant in munitions and as the primary component of composite explosives [22][23][24]; it is used much more significantly than ammonium nitrate and ammonium perchlorate in traditional applications.…”

A new method based on the non-isothermal kinetic equation to estimate the critical temperature of thermal explosion for energetic materials using non-isothermal DSC

“…(19), the literature values of β i , T 0i , T ei and T pi ( the maximum peak temperature of the ith data), the calculated values of the apparent activation energy E k and the pre-exponential constant A k by using Kissinger's method [16] and E o by using Ozawa's method [17] , the obtained values of T 00 , T e0 and T p0 (the initial temperature of the maximum peak) when β tends to zero, the value of a obtained by Eq. (23), together with the reasonable values of T b obtained by Hu-Yang-Liang-Wu method [1,3] (i.e. T b,HYLW and the values of T b obtained by substituting the above-mentioned values of T 00 , T e0 and a into Eq.…”

“…The method includes pentaerythritol tetranitrate (PETN), cyclotrimethlenetrinitramine (RDX), hexanitrostilbene (HNS), 1,3,5-triamino-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene (TATB), 3-nitro-1,2,4-triazol-5-one (NTO) and its ethylenediammonium salt (ENTO), potassium salt (KNTO), lead salt (PbNTO) and copper salt (CuNTO). The errors between the values of T b,HYLW and T b are estimated to be 5% [1,3] . In this paper T b = T b,HYLW , we conclude that our Eq.…”

“…Many researches based on Arrhenius equation have been done in this area [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13] . However, the estimation of the value of T b based on Harcourt-Esson's kinetic equation with the temperature of the initial point (T 0 ) [14] , and the non-isothermal kinetic equation dα/dt = A 0 T a [1 + (T − T 0 )a/T ] f (α) using a nonisothermal analysis method has never been reported so far.…”

Theoretical study of ANTO molecular systems: Causes of insensitivity of the energetic compound NTO

“…From 1985, NTO was reported continually and has been identified as a high explosive 1–5, like RDX, with attractive performance (e.g., cf. detonation velocity, detonation pressure) and high insensitivity 1, 6–10 that might endure heavily mechanical and thermal impact. NTO is in widespread use as a propellant in munitions and as the primary component of composite explosives 11–13; it is used much more significantly than ammonium nitrate (AN) and ammonium perchlorate (AP) in traditional applications.…”