Studies on the carbohydrases in the digestive tract of the milkfish chanos chanos

Chiu, Yvonne N.; Benitez, Lita V.

doi:10.1007/bf00386667

Cited by 43 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Irrespective of the protein source, the activities of the digestive enzymes (protease and amylase) were high in the group fed 40% dietary protein. High amylase and protease activity in the digestive tract of milkfish has also been reported by Chiu and Benitez (1981) and Benitez and Tiro (1982), respectively. Protease activity increased with increasing dietary protein levels to a maximum, while at high dietary protein levels a decrease in protease activity was observed.…”

Section: Carcass Compositionmentioning

confidence: 83%

Effect of varying dietary protein levels on growth and production of Chanos chanos (Forsskal) in inland saline groundwater: laboratory and field studies

et al. 2006

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Two experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of varying dietary protein (35-45%) and energy levels (17.34-19.44 kJ g )1 ) on the growth performance of milkfish (Chanos chanos) maintained under laboratory (experiment 1) and field conditions (Experiment 2) in inland saline groundwater. The results of experiment 1 (initial weight of fish: 0.25 g) revealed that, irrespective of the protein source (fish meal or processed full fat soybean), fish fed a diet containing 40% protein showed significantly (p < 0.05) higher growth in terms of live weight gain and specific growth rate, low feed conversion ratio [1.71 (fish meal) and 1.58 (soybean)], high nutrient retention (gross protein retention: 28.59 and 31.05%; gross energy retention: 24.23 and 26.04%), apparent protein digestibility (81.74 and 85.91%) and digestive enzyme activity (specific protease and amylase). An observation on the postprandial excretion of metabolites (N-NH 4 and o-PO 4 ) indicated significantly (p < 0.05) low levels of these metabolites in aquaria where the fish were fed 40% dietary protein irrespective of the protein source. The results of experiment 2 also indicate (initial weight of fish: 4.43 g) a significantly (p < 0.05) higher growth performance (weight gain, biomass, specific growth rate, growth day )1 and fish production) in ponds where the fish were fed 40% dietary protein. Irrespective of the experimental conditions (laboratory/field), feeding the fish higher dietary protein levels (beyond 40%) not only repressed growth performance but also affected proximate composition by lowering protein accumulation and energy assimilation. An investigation on the effects of feeds on water quality parameters revealedthat values for total alkalinity, NH 4 -N, NO 3 -N, turbidity, total dissolved solids and parameters indicative of productivity (chlorophyll a, net primary productivity and plankton population) increased significantly (p < 0.05) from treatments 1-3 (35-40% protein) and declined thereafter, in treatment 4 (42% dietary protein), indicating that water quality characteristics correlated well with fish growth. The results suggest that in order to obtain a high-yield in milkfish culture system the fish should be fed supplementary diets containing appropriate (40%) protein levels, especially when the stocking rates are high.

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Section: Carcass Compositionmentioning

confidence: 83%

Effect of varying dietary protein levels on growth and production of Chanos chanos (Forsskal) in inland saline groundwater: laboratory and field studies

et al. 2006

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“…Similarly, highest FCR was obtained in juvenile black carp fed the diet with 0.06 and 47.38% dietary available CHO content compared with 28.84% dietary available CHO that had the lowest FCR, respectively. And cellulose could not be hydrolyzed and be used as energy as fish lack cellulase in their digestive system (Chiu and Benitez ; NRC ). Therefore, lower dietary energy with higher content of cellulose could increase feed intake to maintain a relative constant energy intake for growth (Boujard and Médale ; Yamamoto et al ), which usually results in higher FCR in fish (Ren et al ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Varying Carbohydrate Fractions on Growth, Body Composition, Metabolic, and Hormonal Indices in Juvenile Black Carp, Mylopharyngodon piceus

Gao

et al. 2016

J World Aquaculture Soc

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This study was conducted to investigate the effects of varying carbohydrate (CHO) fractions on growth, body composition, metabolic, and hormonal indices in juvenile black carp, Mylopharyngodon piceus. Juvenile black carp, M. piceus (average weight: 1.5 ± 0.05 g) were fed with graded levels of dietary available CHO (0.06, 10.65, 19.43, 28.84, 37.91, and 47.38%) for 9 wk, respectively. Results showed that the highest weight gain could be obtained at 24.98% dietary CHO using second‐order polynomial regression model; and optimal dietary available CHO content (28.84%) could significantly increase the final body weight and the protein efficiency ratio (PER) while reducing the feed conversion ratio (FCR) (P < 0.05). Dietary available CHO could gradually increase the hepatosomatic index, the crude lipid contents in the whole body and the glucose and triglyceride content in the plasma. The activities of glycolysis enzymes and glucose‐6‐phosphate dehydrogenase could be increased with increasing dietary available CHO. The activities of glucose‐6‐phosphatase and fructose‐1,6‐bisphosphatase were firstly decreased at 10.65% dietary available CHO and increased to stable level at 19.43% dietary available CHO. In addition, both 19.43 and 28.84% dietary available CHO could increase the adiponectin contents in the plasma of black carp, M. piceus. Meanwhile, both 19.43 and 28.84% dietary available CHO could significantly increase the mRNA expression levels of growth hormone, insulin, ghrelin, neuropeptide Y, somatostatin I, and somatostatin II in juvenile black carp, M. piceus, compared with the CHO‐deficient diet (0.06%). These results suggest that optimal inclusion of dietary CHO fractions (19.43–28.84%) could improve metabolic homeostasis and promote growth and feed efficiency in juvenile black carp, M. piceus.

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“…The intestinal digestive enzymes of sea fishes have been investigated less thoroughly [3,6,7,11,22], and virtually no studies have investigated fishes of the Far Eastern seas in this aspect.Gawlicka et al revealed the activity of trypsin, amylase, lipase, and alkaline phosphatase in the yolk-sac larvae of the Atlantic halibut Hippoglossus hippoglossus (Linnaeus, 1758) and showed that enzymatic activity increased with the age of larvae [24]. Similarly, Ribeiro et al have demonstrated that the larvae of Solea senegalensis Kaup, 1858 are capable of full digestion of food a month after hatching as a result of the increasing activity of acid and alkaline phosphatase, lipase, and aminopeptidase in the larval digestive tract [25, 26].…”

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Characterization of Digestive Enzymes in the Intestine of the Pacific Halibut Hippoglossus stenolepis Schmidt, 1904 and the Starry Flounder Platichthys stellatus (Pallas, 1788)

2005

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Membrane digestion in freshwater fish species has been extensively studied [1, 8-10, 12, 13, 17, and many others]. The intestinal digestive enzymes of sea fishes have been investigated less thoroughly [3,6,7,11,22], and virtually no studies have investigated fishes of the Far Eastern seas in this aspect.Gawlicka et al. revealed the activity of trypsin, amylase, lipase, and alkaline phosphatase in the yolk-sac larvae of the Atlantic halibut Hippoglossus hippoglossus (Linnaeus, 1758) and showed that enzymatic activity increased with the age of larvae [24]. Similarly, Ribeiro et al. have demonstrated that the larvae of Solea senegalensis Kaup, 1858 are capable of full digestion of food a month after hatching as a result of the increasing activity of acid and alkaline phosphatase, lipase, and aminopeptidase in the larval digestive tract [25, 26]. Study of adult Platichthys flesus luscus (Pallas, 1811) from the Black Sea [11] has demonstrated a high level of total amylolytic activity [2.95 ± 0.35 µ mole/(min g)] and low values of total proteolytic and sucrose activity [0.48 ± 0.13 and 0.44 ± 0.08 µ mole/(min g), respectively] in the intestinal mucous membrane.This paper focuses on study of the activity and temperature dependence of the chief digestive enzymes in the intestine of the Pacific halibut and starry flounder inhabiting the Far Eastern seas. MATERIALS AND METHODSStudies were carried out in 2002-2003 by the Kamchatka Research Institute for Fisheries and Oceanography and by Astrakhan State Technical University. Ten specimens of Pacific halibut (length 41-51 cm, weight 0.9-1.66 kg) and 10 specimens of starry flounder (length 26-33 cm, weight 100-500 g) were investigated. Pacific halibut were caught with a bottom trawl in October 2002 in Olyutorsky Bay at a 64-m depth. Starry flounder were captured with a beach seine in July 2003 in Avachinskaya Bay at A 2-to 4-m depth.Immediately after capture, fish were immobilized and morphometry was made. The intestine (without pyloric ceca) was taken out and washed with 20 ml of a cooled Ringer's solution for cold-blooded animals (pH 7.3) to remove its contents and cavity enzymes. The intestines were placed on a cooled glass, cleansed of fat, measured, and weighed. Material was then frozen at -18 to -20 ° C in a thermos and stored until experimentation. After thawing, the intestine mucous membrane was removed using a scraper, weighed on a VT-500 torsion balance, and homogenized in a cooled (0 − 3 ° C) Ringer's solution (1 : 9) on a RT-1 homogenizer with a Teflon piston. The resultant homogenate was then diluted with Ringer's solution to determine the linear enzymatic activity. FISH PHYSIOLOGYAbstract -The activity and temperature characteristics of hydrolases (maltase, α -amylase, total proteinase, alkaline phosphatase) in the intestine of Far Eastern flatfishes were studied. The character of the temperature dependence differed among the investigated enzymes. The activity of individual hydrolases in the two fish species varied. The results of this study suggest that flatfish...

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Studies on the carbohydrases in the digestive tract of the milkfish chanos chanos

Cited by 43 publications

References 19 publications

Effect of varying dietary protein levels on growth and production of Chanos chanos (Forsskal) in inland saline groundwater: laboratory and field studies

Effect of varying dietary protein levels on growth and production of Chanos chanos (Forsskal) in inland saline groundwater: laboratory and field studies

Effect of Varying Carbohydrate Fractions on Growth, Body Composition, Metabolic, and Hormonal Indices in Juvenile Black Carp, Mylopharyngodon piceus

Characterization of Digestive Enzymes in the Intestine of the Pacific Halibut Hippoglossus stenolepis Schmidt, 1904 and the Starry Flounder Platichthys stellatus (Pallas, 1788)

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