Studies on the bioremediation capacity of the adult black clam, Chione fluctifraga, of shrimp culture effluents

Abstract

Resumen.-La almeja negra, Chione fluctifraga, puede ser utilizada para biorremediar efluentes de descarga en cultivos de camarón. Con este propósito se evaluó durante 77 días, el efecto de dos densidades de almeja (12,5 y 25 especímenes m -2 ) y un control (0 m -2 ) sobre la calidad de agua de efluentes crudos de un cultivo semi-intensivo de camarón (Litopenaeus vannamei; 25 m -2 ). Parámetros tales como, sólidos suspendidos totales (TSS), sólidos orgánicos suspendidos (OSS), nitrógeno amoniacal total (TAN) y nitrógeno total (TN) fueron medidos en los efluentes crudos, control, tratamientos y agua del estuario (fuente de agua para el cultivo de camarón). Los TSS y OSS disminuyeron en el control y los tratamientos en comparación con los efluentes sin tratar. Los TSS y OSS disminuyeron durante los primeros 22 días, sin registrar diferencias entre control y tratamientos. Sin embargo, los tratamientos tuvieron una mayor disminución en los niveles de TSS y OSS a los 48 y 77 días de cultivo, en comparación con el control. Los niveles de TAN registraron los valores más bajos en ambos tratamientos, seguidos por el control y los efluentes de camarón; no se observaron diferencias significativas para el TN. Los resultados indican que Chione fluctifraga tiene capacidad como biorremediador y puede sobrevivir en efluentes de estanques de camarón.Palabras clave: Biofiltración, agua de descarga, contaminación ambiental, cultivo de camarón, calidad de agua Abstract.-The black clam, Chione fluctifraga, can be used to bioremediate discharge effluents produced by shrimp aquaculture. With such purpose we evaluated during 77 days, the effect of two densities of clams (12.5 and 25·specimens m -2 ) and a control (0·m -2 ) on the water quality of raw effluents from a semi-intensive culture of shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei; 25 m -2 ). Parameters such as total suspended solids (TSS), organic suspended solids (OSS), total ammonium nitrogen (TAN) and total nitrogen (TN) were measured in raw effluents, control, treatments and estuary (water source for shrimp culture). The TSS and OSS diminished in control and treatments, compared with untreated effluents. The TSS and OSS decreased over time with no significant difference observed among the treatments during the first 22 days of trial. However, treatments had a greater decrease of TSS and OSS levels at days 48 and 77 compared with the control. TAN recorded the lowest levels in both treatments, followed by control and effluents respectively; no significant differences were observed for TN. The results indicate that Chione fluctifraga has ability as biorremediator and it does survive well in shrimp pond effluents.

Back to the Basics: Biomimicry in Shrimp Farming

“…Several other commercially important bivalves, e.g., Anadara grandis, A. tuberculosa, Crassostrea corteziensi has been reported for having excellent bioremediation properties for the shrimp effluents (Miranda-Baeza et al, 2006, Wilber et al,2006, Peña-Messina et al, 2009. The high survival of clams after the trial, suggests that the shrimp pond effluent may be an acceptable environment for the growth of the species, especially at the lower density (12.5 /m 2 ) where a survival of 85% was observed by Martínez-Córdova et al, (2011). Such findings suggest that clams can be an excellent synergistic species for the shrimp farming imitating the natural habitat of shrimp culture.…”

Enhanced growth of the pleasure oyster Crassostrea corteziensis cultured under integrated multi‐trophic aquaculture ( IMTA ) concept, using farm effluents of shrimp Penaeus vannamei

“…Shrimp farm effluents contain suspended solids, bacteria and POM (Barraza‐Guardado et al, 2013), which can be removed by feeders such as marine bivalves (Martínez‐Córdova et al, 2011; Tendencia, 2007). Depending on the species (stocking density, culture system, particulate sizes, temperature, salinity, and food availability and composition) bivalves can remove up the 80% of particles in coastal farm environments (Cranford, 2019).…”

Larval and post-larval growth, spat production and off-bottom cultivation of the smooth venus clam Chionista fluctifraga

“…Grow‐out techniques for farming C. fluctifraga have not been developed. Management experiments with this clam included collection of adult clams (30–35 mm height) and cultivation on the bottom of shrimp ponds was done to evaluate: (i) feasibility of polycultivation with whiteleg shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei and the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas (Martínez‐Córdova & Martínez‐Porchas ), and (ii) bioremediation of shrimp pond effluent (Martínez‐Córdova, López Elías, Martínez‐Porchas, Bernal‐Jaspeado & Miranda Baeza ; Martínez‐Córdova, López‐Elías, Leyva‐Miranda, Armenta‐Ayon & Martínez‐Porchas ). Juvenile clams (20 mm height) collected from mudflats were cultivated in floating trays during winter in shrimp ponds (Martínez‐Córdova, Enríquez‐Ocaña, López‐Rascón, López‐Elías & Martínez‐Porchas ).…”