Studies on the biaxial stretching of polypropylene film. VI. Anisotropic thermal contraction of biaxially stretched isotactic polypropylene film

Tanaka, Hiroshi; Kurihara, Kiyofumi; Morita, Mikio; Mori, K.; Okajima, Saburo

doi:10.1002/pol.1971.110091003

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…-eJ). (2) However, L, calculated under this assumption is still smaller than the observed value in the case of the restretched film, while both values are in good agreement with each other in the case of the contracted film unless the temperature of contraction exceeds 150°C. When LO is assumed to be 306 Even these considerations are not sufficient to explain the extremely larger increase in long period of the film contracted above 150°C.…”

Section: Range B and [Mfi](ic59)p(36 X V Z )supporting

confidence: 57%

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Studies on the biaxial stretching of polypropylene film. XI. Type II orientation during [2‐2FI]‐type stretching and its change by subsequent thermal contraction

Iwato¹,

Tanaka²,

Okajima³

1975

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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SynopsisIn order to study the deformation mechanism of type I1 stretching, the change in orientation during the restretching and subsequent thermal contraction was investigated by x-ray daraction method. When a uniaxially oriented film is restretched, the lamellae which are stacked in the stretching direction by the stretching rotate as a whole toward the restretching axis. They rotate backward nearly reversibly during the thermal contraction, unless the restretching exceeds a balancing state, where the orientation in the film plane are equal in all directions. However, when the restretching degree is so high and the film orientation exceeds the balancing state, the lamellar rotation is accompanied by a complex phenomenon. It is considered from the wide-angle and small-angle x-ray diffraction patterns that the lamellar surface becomes indented because of slippage between microfibrils composing the lamellae, and the microfibrils themselves bend a t the boundary between the amorphous and crystalline regions within which the tilting of Caxis also occurs. Upon contracting of the film; these changes recover, but even in the last stage of contraction the orientation approaches the symmetrical biaxial orientation but not the uniaxial orientation from which the biaxial orientation is started. These orientation and disorientation behaviors are not affected basically by a slight change in the restretching temperature and the degree of stretching.Ia-' and type IIIIJJ were reported in the previous papers; hence, the orientation during type 11' stretching and its change due to subsequent thermal contraction are the subject of the present paper. It has been described' that [2-2FI]-type stretching, namely, stretching of a film with width unrestrained at temperature TI followed by restretching at temperature TZ perpendicularly to the stretching direction with insertion of a cooling pro-

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Section: Range B and [Mfi](ic59)p(36 X V Z )supporting

confidence: 57%

“…This is attributable t o the fact that the microfibril is bending a t the boundary between crystalline and amorphous parts as mentioned above, where the expression should be modified as in (2), providing the microfibril bending is not so large that Lo is used €or calculation instead of OD (ref. -eJ).…”

Section: Range B and [Mfi](ic59)p(36 X V Z )mentioning

confidence: 99%

Studies on the biaxial stretching of polypropylene film. XI. Type II orientation during [2‐2FI]‐type stretching and its change by subsequent thermal contraction

Iwato¹,

Tanaka²,

Okajima³

1975

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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“…[31][32][33][34][35][36] In this present study, the effect of relative humidity and biaxial testing on the stress-strain behavior of grafted caseins was studied in detail. '~-~~ During biaxial stretching, the orientation of the material takes place in the sample.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Effect of environmental factors on the mechanical properties of grafted casein films: Influence of humidity and biaxial orientation

Somanathan

1996

J. Appl. Polym. Sci.

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SYNOPSISCasein was grafted with acrylonitrile and with a binary mixture of acrylonitrile and n-butyl methacrylate. The influence of absorbed moisture a t different relative humidities on the stress-strain characteristics was studied. Tensile properties were very much affected by the absorbed moisture in both cases. The effect produced by water was very much pronounced in the case of casein grafted with acrylonitrile. Although the absorbed moisture level was the same in both grafted caseins, due to the influence of n-butyl methacrylate chains, which reduces the T8 of the film, the tensile properties and fracture behavior were very different from the films of casein grafted with acrylonitrile. Due to the application of stress in the lateral direction, tensile strength and elongation a t break in the longitudinal direction was reduced. Both systems show that after an applied lateral stress of 5 X lo-' Mpa the variation of stress and strain was not characteristic and the value levels off after that level. 0 1996

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Orientation of Films and Fibrillation

Schuur¹,

Vegt²

1975

Structure and Properties of Oriented Polymers

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Studies on the biaxial stretching of polypropylene film. VI. Anisotropic thermal contraction of biaxially stretched isotactic polypropylene film

Cited by 4 publications

References 2 publications

Studies on the biaxial stretching of polypropylene film. XI. Type II orientation during [2‐2FI]‐type stretching and its change by subsequent thermal contraction

Studies on the biaxial stretching of polypropylene film. XI. Type II orientation during [2‐2FI]‐type stretching and its change by subsequent thermal contraction

Effect of environmental factors on the mechanical properties of grafted casein films: Influence of humidity and biaxial orientation

Orientation of Films and Fibrillation

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