Studies on the Bacteriophages of Hemolytic Streptococci

Krause, Richard M.

doi:10.1084/jem.108.6.803

Cited by 60 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 27 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The S. albus and phage muralytic enzymes readily attack the mucopeptide in the intact cell wall, and do not require the removal of the group carbohydrate. In previous studies Streptomyces albus enzymes (5) and phage-associated lysin (6) have been employed to dissolve the streptococcal cell wall. The groupspecific polysaccharide was isolated from the lysates and attention was directed primarily to the serological characteristics, chemical composition, and the chemical basis for serological specificity of this substance.…”

Section: Lysis Of the Formamidementioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Studies on the Chemical Structure of the Streptococcal Cell Wall

Krause

McCarty

1961

The Journal of Experimental Medicine

Self Cite

195

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Recent studies on the chemical composition of the bacterial cell wall indicate that the basic structural component, which is responsible for the rigidity of the wall, is similar in all bacteria examined (1). This component, designated as the cell wall mucopeptide, is composed of N-acetylglucosamine, N-acetylmuramic acid (3-O-lactyl-N-acetylglucosamine), and a limited number of amino acids. In the case of streptococci these two amino sugars and alanine, lysine, glycine, and glutamic acid have been identified in hydrolysates of trypsinized cell walls. However, this analysis of hydrolysates does not provide information on the arrangement of these substances in the chemical structure of the cell wall. The data reported here indicate that the two amino sugars and the four amino acids do in fact comprise a mucopeptide fraction. This substance is distinct from the other major cell wall component, the group-specific carbohydrate hapten, which contains rhamnose and N-acetylglucosamine.The work of Salton (2) has shown that the lysis of certain bacteria by lysozyme is accompanied by the release of the cell wall mucopeptide into soluble fragments. Lysis of streptococcal cell wall by phage-associated lysin is shown to be associated with a similar release of fragments of mucopeptide. These findings support the growing evidence which suggests that the specific linkage split by lysozyme and other cell wall-dissolving enzymes resides in the mucopeptide fraction.Materials and Methods Streptococcal Strains.--Group A streptococcal strains T12, D58, and $43/100, and Group A-variant strains T27A and K43 var. were used to prepare cell walls.Preparation of Call Wal/s.--The cell wails were prepared by the method of Salton and Home which employs a Mickle disintegrator (3). Differential centrifugation was used to separate the cell walls from the fine particulate material; and the walls were then treated with trypsin in phosphate-buffered saline, dialyzed against water, and finally lyophilized.

show abstract

Section: Lysis Of the Formamidementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Preparation of the Cell Wall Carbokydrate.--Group-specific carbohydrate was prepared from cell walls with the phage-associated lysin and the Streptomyces albus enzymes by previously described methods (6).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Studies on the Chemical Structure of the Streptococcal Cell Wall

Krause

McCarty

1961

The Journal of Experimental Medicine

Self Cite

195

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Chloroform was used as a preservative. The carbohydrate was purified from the lysate by the acid-alcohol and acetone precipitation procedure followed by resin treatment (9). The same procedures were employed to purify the carbohydrate from the lysate as were employed in the formamide extraction method.…”

Section: Time(hours)mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Cell Walls of Group D Streptococci

Bleiweis

Krause

1965

The Journal of Experimental Medicine

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The type-specific carbohydrates of Group D streptococci are components of the cell wall and are the structural and chemical counterparts of the specific carbohydrates of Groups A, B, C, and G streptococci (1). Although a number of serologic types of Group D streptococci have been identified, the immunochemical basis for this antigenic classification has not been elucidated (2) The Group D antigen, unlike the group-specific carbohydrates for most of the other streptococcal groups, is a cytoplasmic constituent and not a cell wall component (1, 3), and has been identified as a glucose-glucosyl glycerol teichoie acid (4). Isolation and purification of the type antigen is simplified by the fact that Group D cell wails are devoid of the group antigen. Preparation of Cell Wal/s.--Cell walls were prepared using the Braun homogenizer as described previously (5). Methods and Materials

show abstract

“…Since the removal of teichoic acids with hot 5 yo trichloroacetic acid left the cocci sensitive to phage-lysin, she suggested that the adsorption of phage involved changes in the arrangement of teichoic acid, leading to the exposure of the lysin-sensitive sites. Teichoic acids are absent from the cell walls of the group N streptococci (Oram & Reiter, unpublished) and to our knowledge have not been found in the cell walls of group A streptococci, lysis of which by group C streptococcus phage-lysin is also independent of phage sensitization (Krause, 1958).…”

Section: Group C Streptococcus Phage-lysinmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phage-Associated Lysins Affecting Group N and Group D Streptococci

Oram

Reiter

1965

Journal of General Microbiology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

SUMMARYPhage lysins were prepared from high titre phage lysates of 3 strains of Streptococcus Zactis, one of which was purified 500-fold by treatment with cold acetone, chromatography on Amberlite CG 50 ion-exchange resin, and fractional precipitation from potassium phosphate buffers. The lysins were activated by monovalent cations and were similar in physical properties. Viable streptococci of groups N and D were lysed, but not those in groups A, B and C. Different strains of group N streptococci were lysed at different rates, the rate of lysis being characteristic for individual phage lysins. A lytic enzyme, prepared from purified phage particles by freezing and thawing or by ultrasonic treatment, showed the same pH optimum and specificity as the corresponding phage lysin. Streptococci were lysed-from-without in the presence of high multiplicities of phage. The type of lysin produced in pha,ge-infected culture was genetically determined by the phage. Lysis of streptococci by phage lysin was inhibited by an unidentified substance present in crude phage lysates. The lysis of different strains of streptococci by particulate phage, phage-tail enzyme and phage lysin occurred a t the same relative rates. This is interpreted as evidence for the localization of the phage-lysin substrate within the phage receptor site. Possible reasons for the different specificities of phage lysins from streptococci of groups N and C are discussed.

show abstract

Studies on the Bacteriophages of Hemolytic Streptococci

Cited by 60 publications

References 27 publications

Studies on the Chemical Structure of the Streptococcal Cell Wall

Studies on the Chemical Structure of the Streptococcal Cell Wall

The Cell Walls of Group D Streptococci

Phage-Associated Lysins Affecting Group N and Group D Streptococci

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About