Studies on the Antiscorbutic Activity of Ascorbate 2-Sulfate in the Guinea Pig

Kuenzig, W.; Avenia, R.; Kamm, Jerome J.

doi:10.1093/jn/104.7.952

Cited by 27 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…The haematological data confirm a reduced efficiency of AS by showing a slower recovery towards normal values after depletion when feeding 500 mg AS/kg. Kuenzig et al (1974) showed that AS is devoid of antiscorbutic activity in the guinea pig and that total hepatic ascorbate levels were similar to those observed in scorbutic animals. Moreover, Machlin et al (1976) found no antiscorbutic effect of AS in the rhesus monkey.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 54%

“…Fixation of radioactive material was seen mainly in supporting tissues and major metabolic organs such as the liver and the kidney. Hornig (1975) reported a similar incorporation of 3 5 S[AS] in the guinea pig, an animal in which AS has no antiscorbutic activity (Kuenzig et al 1974). A question can be raised as to whether ASperse is incorporated, or only the sulfate moiety of the molecule, as a similar autoradiographic appearance was seen in the guinea pig after injection of inorganic 35SO42- (Hornig 1975).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…However, other studies have indicated that AS may be less efficient than AA as a dietary vitamin C source for rainbow trout (Tsujimura et al 1978), channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) (Murai et al 1978), ayu (Plecoglossus altivelis) and tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) (Tsujimura et al 1981;Soliman et al 1986). In man, guinea pigs and rhesus monkeys AS has been shown to possess little or no vitamin C activity (Kuenzig et al 1974;Machlin et al 1976;Tsujimura et al 1982).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ascorbate-2-sulfate as a dietary vitamin C source for atlantic salmon (Salmo salar): 1. Growth, bioactivity, haematology and humoral immune response

Sandnes

Hansen²,

Killie³

et al. 1990

Fish Physiol Biochem

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The present experiment shows that ascorbate-2-sulfate (AS) is not equivalent to ascorbic acid (AA) as a dietary vitamin C source for Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). Within reasonable feed supplemental levels AS does not provide the tissues with adequate supplies of vitamin C to secure optimal physiological functions as demonstrated by biochemical and haematological analyses.AS could not be detected in the liver of fish fed either AA or AS, nor in vitamin C - deprived salmon, suggesting that AS is not the natural storage form of vitamin C in this species.There were no significant differences in antibody production against a soluble artificial antigen (NIP11-LPH) in fish fed 500 and 5000 mg AA/Kg dry diet or equivalent amounts of AS during a period of six weeks at a water temperature of 7.2°C.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 54%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ascorbate-2-sulfate as a dietary vitamin C source for atlantic salmon (Salmo salar): 1. Growth, bioactivity, haematology and humoral immune response

Sandnes

Hansen²,

Killie³

et al. 1990

Fish Physiol Biochem

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“…There are opposing reports concerning replacing effects of AAS for AA in AA deficiency (9,20,21). Tolbert et al report that AAS in a limited dose such as 3 mg/kg effectively replaces AA in acute AA deficiency of rainbow trout and coho salmon, but not in that of guinea pigs, in which AAS is poorly transported through membranes, quickly excreted into urine, and less and slowly converted to AA (9).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fundamental Studies on Physiological and Pharmacological Actions of L-Ascorbate 2-Sulfate. Vi. Effects of L-Ascorbate 2-Sulfate on Lipid Metabolism in Guinea Pigs

Hayashi¹,

Yamada²,

Kunitomo³

et al. 1978

Japanese Journal of Pharmacology

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Abstract-Effectsof L-ascorbate 2-sulfate (AAS) on lipid metabolism were studied in guinea pigs maintained on diet I with sufficient L-ascorbic acid (AA) supplement or on diet II without AA supplement. AAS (300 mg/kg) inhibited an increase in serum and liver levels of lipids to a greater degree than AA (175 mg/kg), a reference compound, in hyperlipidemic guinea pigs induced by cholesterol feeding with diets I or II. AAS also induced a decrease in serum and liver levels of lipids in guinea pigs which had been previously maintained for 6 weeks on diet II containing 1.0 % cholesterol. AA admin istration significantly increased AA level in various organs of animals maintained on both the diets containing cholesterol. It also rectified the AA level lowered by previous maintenance on diet lI containing cholesterol.AAS showed a slight AA replacing effect on the AA level. Both AA and AAS exerted preventive and curative effects on several symptoms due to chronic AA deficiency. L-Ascorbate2-sulfate (AAS) recently found in animals (1-4), has drawn attention to the effects on lipid metabolism (5).We reported in previous papers that AAS exerts lipid lowering effects in experimental hyperlipidemia with mice, rats and rabbits, and prevents development of atherosclerosis (6, 7). In an attempt to dissociate the effect of AAS from that of L-ascorbic acid (AA), the present study of AAS on lipid metabolism has been carried out in guinea pigs which do not to biosynthesize AA in vivo. MATERIALS AND METHODS Materials:The compounds examined for hypolipidemic effects were sodium L ascorbate 2-sulfate-3 H2O and sodium L-ascorbate.Preventive effects of AAS and AA on hyperlipidemia (Experiment I and II): The experi mental design is shown in Table 1. Male guinea pigs of Hartley strain, weighing 250 to 300 g were divided into 8 groups of 4 or 5. In experiment I, preventive effects of AAS and AA on hyperlipidemia induced by cholesterol feeding were studied with diet I (RC-4 of Oriental Yeast Co., Tokyo) which was supplemented with 50 nag of AA per 100 g. In experiment 11, these effects were examined with diet II (AA-unsupplemented diet of Fuji Mill Co., Shizuoka) which contained 9 mg of AA per 100 g.

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“…18,19) VCP-Na shows antiscorbutic activity in guinea pigs, 20,21) and has a stimulatory effect on collagen synthesis in cultured human skin fibroblasts, 22,23) while L-ascorbic acid 2-sulfate does not show these effects. 24) We have recently synthesized a novel lipophilic alkyl vitamin C derivative, sodium isostearyl 2-O-L-ascorbyl phosphate (VCP-IS-Na), which is characterized by its high stability in various aqueous solutions, throughout a wide range of pH values, and its non-reducibility. 25) We have also demonstrated that VCP-IS-Na is superior to VCP-Na with regard to enzymatic hydrolysis by tissue esterase and/or phosphatase to give vitamin C. These findings indicate that vitamin C, released from VCP-IS-Na by enzymatic hydrolysis, exhibits these biological activities.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of a Novel Ascorbic Derivative, Disodium Isostearyl 2-O-L-Ascorbyl Phosphate on Human Dermal Fibroblasts: Increased Collagen Synthesis and Inhibition of MMP-1

Shibayama

Hisama²,

Matsuda³

et al. 2008

Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin

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Normal cells, including fibroblasts, show density-dependent growth and form monolayers in culture. 1) This is quite different from cell behavior in vivo, where the cells are multilayered and surrounded by extracellular matrix (ECM) components, such as collagen and proteoglycan produced by the cells themselves. The active role of ECM in cell attachment, proliferation 2) and differentiation 3) has recently been recognized. Artificial collagen gels 4) and insoluble ECM 5) obtained from various tissues have been used in studies on cell growth and differentiation. Type I collagen is a major structural protein and is found in large quantities in various parts of the body, especially in the skin, bones, teeth and tendons. A decrease in the production of type I collagen, or that of defective molecules, induces organ deformity or dysfunction and retards embryo and fetus development in extreme cases. [6][7][8] On the other hand, aberrant accumulation of type I collagen in tissues and organs results in organ fibrosis, such as in progressive systemic sclerosis (scleroderma) of the skin, liver fibrosis and pulmonary fibrosis, and also occasionally endangers the life of affected individuals. 7,8) L-Ascorbic acid (vitamin C) is known to be a neutral bioactive agent, and its multifarious activities in many biological systems have been reported. For example, vitamin C increases enzyme activity [9][10][11] ; acts as an inducer of the collagen pathway 12) ; and scavenges free radicals as an antioxidant during oxidant stress. 13,14) An essential function of vitamin C is to act as a cofactor for the hydroxylation of proline and lysine residues in collagen, a major protein component of the body. Vitamin C also increases the transcription rate of procollagen genes and stabilizes procollagen mRNA. 15,16) Its ability to cure scurvy is possibly due to stimulation of collagen synthesis in connective tissues.17) However, vitamin C is unstable in aqueous solutions, even under normal culture conditions at neutral pH and 37°C. To solve this problem, a number of stable derivatives, including L-ascorbic acid 2-sulfate and L-ascorbic acid 2-phosphate (VCP-Na), have been developed. 18,19) VCP-Na shows antiscorbutic activity in guinea pigs, 20,21) and has a stimulatory effect on collagen synthesis in cultured human skin fibroblasts, 22,23) while L-ascorbic acid 2-sulfate does not show these effects. 24)We have recently synthesized a novel lipophilic alkyl vitamin C derivative, sodium isostearyl 2-O-L-ascorbyl phosphate (VCP-IS-Na), which is characterized by its high stability in various aqueous solutions, throughout a wide range of pH values, and its non-reducibility. 25) We have also demonstrated that VCP-IS-Na is superior to VCP-Na with regard to enzymatic hydrolysis by tissue esterase and/or phosphatase to give vitamin C. These findings indicate that vitamin C, released from VCP-IS-Na by enzymatic hydrolysis, exhibits these biological activities.Structurally, the difference between the existing vitamin C derivative VCP-Na and the novel vitamin ...

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Studies on the Antiscorbutic Activity of Ascorbate 2-Sulfate in the Guinea Pig

Cited by 27 publications

References 6 publications

Ascorbate-2-sulfate as a dietary vitamin C source for atlantic salmon (Salmo salar): 1. Growth, bioactivity, haematology and humoral immune response

Ascorbate-2-sulfate as a dietary vitamin C source for atlantic salmon (Salmo salar): 1. Growth, bioactivity, haematology and humoral immune response

Fundamental Studies on Physiological and Pharmacological Actions of L-Ascorbate 2-Sulfate. Vi. Effects of L-Ascorbate 2-Sulfate on Lipid Metabolism in Guinea Pigs

Effect of a Novel Ascorbic Derivative, Disodium Isostearyl 2-O-L-Ascorbyl Phosphate on Human Dermal Fibroblasts: Increased Collagen Synthesis and Inhibition of MMP-1

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