Studies on the ABH-Iso-Agglutinins in serum, saliva and milk from mothers with "Bombay" (Oh) phenotype

Joshi, Sanmukh R; Vasantha, K; Iyer, Y S; Kulkarni, Shrikant; Jadhav, Seema

doi:10.4103/0973-6247.44478

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…Saliva represents a poorly studied sample material for ABO antibody detection, as all previous studies were hemagglutination-based [ 7 , 8 , 9 , 16 ]. Compared to serum, saliva is a heterogenic and unsterile body fluid influenced by several factors like viscosity, composition (water, enzymes, mucins, and antibodies), and microbiome [ 10 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…So far, ABO antibodies were exclusively analyzed in blood samples. However, mucosal immunity, particularly secretory IgA, is reported to play a more important role in early defense against respiratory pathogens [6] may represent an easy-to-obtain surrogate for respiratory secretions and was insufficiently studied regarding ABO antibodies [7][8][9]. No data are available on salivary ABO antibodies regarding their immunoglobulin (Ig) classes and corresponding serum levels.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Immunoglobulin Class Profiles of ABO Antibodies in Saliva and Serum of Healthy Individuals

Schönbacher

Banfi

Berghold

et al. 2022

Transfus Med Hemother

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Introduction: The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic gave rise to studies investigating the association of ABO blood group with COVID-19 susceptibility. It is hypothesized that ABO antibodies might play a role in neutralizing SARS-CoV-2. However, ABO antibodies were exclusively analyzed in blood samples. Investigation of ABO antibodies in saliva, an easy-to-obtain surrogate for respiratory secretions, may provide novel insights into mucosal immunity crucial in early defense against respiratory pathogens. Methods: In this study, saliva and serum samples from healthy individuals with known blood groups were investigated using a flow cytometric method for separate anti-A/anti-B IgA, IgM, and IgG class antibody detection. Saliva samples were additionally tested using hemagglutination-based neutral and indirect anti-human globulin test gel cards. This method comparison was complemented by dilution experiments with a high-titer anti-A/anti-B WHO standard. Results: In saliva, IgA was the most abundant ABO antibody class, followed by IgM; IgG was detected only in low levels in all non-AB blood types. In serum, IgM was the predominant ABO antibody class in all non-AB blood types, followed by IgA and IgG, the latter mainly detected in group O individuals. Saliva and serum samples of group O individuals yielded the highest variability of ABO-specific antibody levels. Regardless of sample material and blood type, major interindividual differences in ABO antibody reactivities were recorded. Antibody levels correlated moderately between these two body fluids. There were no significant sex and age-group differences in ABO antibody levels in both serum and saliva. WHO standard dilution experiments yielded technique-specific limits of detection, illustrating the inherent differences of immunofluorescence versus agglutination. Conclusion: For the first time, salivary ABO antibodies were investigated by separate detection of the three most relevant antibody classes IgA, IgM, and IgG in a healthy cohort. This study opens new perspectives regarding mucosal ABO antibody class profiles and their potential influence on respiratory infections.

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