Studies on Tensile and Interlaminar Shear Strength Properties of Thermally                 Cured and Microwave Cured Glass–Epoxy Composites

Rao, Raghavendra; Sandhya, R.; Sridhara, B.K.

doi:10.1177/0731684406063542

Cited by 44 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…As can be seen in Table 1, the interlaminar shear strength for the microwave cured samples was found to be 9% higher than those cured thermally, possibly signifying that microwave processing improves the interfacial bonding between epoxy resin and carbon fibre reinforcement. This is in agreement with other work by Fang [32] and Rao [18].…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 94%

“…It is, thus, more appropriate to consider microwave heating as conversion of electromagnetic energy to thermal energy rather than heat transfer [5]. A considerable amount of research has been devoted on microwave curing of different polymer [2,[6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13] and composite systems [14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23]. The implementation of microwave heating into common manufacturing methods for polymer composites, such as resin transfer moulding [24], however, has not yet been fully exploited.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Comparison of the mechanical and physical properties of a carbon fibre epoxy composite manufactured by resin transfer moulding using conventional and microwave heating

Papargyris

Day

Nesbitt

et al. 2008

Composites Science and Technology

137

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2008) "Comparison of the mechanical and physical properties of a carbon fibre epoxy composite manufactured by resin transfer moulding using conventional and microwave heating". Composites Science and Technology,, [1854][1855][1856][1857][1858][1859][1860][1861] Comparison of the mechanical and physical properties of a carbon fibre epoxy composite manufactured by resin transfer moulding using conventional and microwave heating AbstractMicrowave processing holds great potential for improving current composite manufacturing techniques, substantially reducing cure cycle times, energy requirements and operational costs. In this paper, microwave heating was incorporated into the resin transfer moulding technique. Through the use of microwave heating, a 50% cure cycle time reduction was achieved. The mechanical and physical properties of the produced carbon fibre/epoxy composites were compared to those manufactured by conventional resin transfer moulding. Mechanical testing showed similar values of flexural moduli and flexural strength for the two types of composites after normalisation of the corresponding data to a common fibre volume fraction. A 9% increase of the interlaminar shear strength (ILSS) was observed for the microwave cured composites. This enhancement in ILSS is attributed to a lowering of resin viscosity in the initial stage of the curing process, which was also confirmed via scanning electron microscopy by means of improved fibre wetting and less fibre pull-out. Furthermore, both types of composites yielded minimal void content ( properties of the produced carbon fibre/epoxy composites were compared to those manufactured by conventional resin transfer moulding. Mechanical testing showed similar values of flexural moduli and flexural strength for the two types of composites after normalisation of the corresponding data to a common fibre volume fraction. A 9% increase of the interlaminar shear strength (ILSS) was observed for the microwave cured composites. This enhancement in ILSS is attributed to a lowering of resin viscosity in the initial stage of the curing process, which was also confirmed via scanning electron microscopy by means of improved fibre wetting and less fibre pull-out. Furthermore, both types of composites yielded minimal void content (<2%). Dynamic mechanical thermal analysis revealed comparable glass transition temperatures for composites produced by both methods. A 15 °C shift in the position of the ȕ-transition peak was observed between thermally and microwave cured composites, suggesting an alteration in the cross-linking path followed.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 94%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of the mechanical and physical properties of a carbon fibre epoxy composite manufactured by resin transfer moulding using conventional and microwave heating

Papargyris

Day

Nesbitt

et al. 2008

Composites Science and Technology

137

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…In an analysis by Rao et al [62], the tensile and interlaminar shear strength of a composite structure cured via microwave is better than that cured via thermal. Beside that, microwave curing technique also offers uniformity of cure and substantial energy saving during the cure process.…”

Section: Recent Researches On Laminated Composites Using Glass Fibersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Epoxy resin cured by conventional oven-curing takes prolonged duration [17,62,68,71]. It is because the heat diffuses from the surface to the core of the material depending on the heat transfer rate.…”

Section: Curingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gravity Effects of Curing Angle on Laminated Composite Structures: A Review on Novel Study

Jennise

Yuhazri

Sihombing

et al. 2013

Advances in Materials Science and Engineering

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Composites manufactured by small and medium industries/entrepreneurs (SMI/E) are conventionally cured in the horizontal position. Hence, the confined space restricts optimum productivity. Besides, SMI/E is unable to allocate high budget for high-end technology such as autoclave and vacuum mechanical oven which limits the development of SMI/E as a result of high capital cost. Through a series of literature review, the review confirmed that there is no similar scientific study has been conducted. Consequently, the review is carried out to facilitate the investigation of the feasibility of a gravity cured glass fiber laminated thermosetting composites via vacuum bagging at angle position from horizontal (0°) to vertical (90°) to enhance the curing space required.

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“…This is especially true for curing and post-curing of FRP, since they are often the most time- and energy-consuming process steps. Consequently, some research has been done in the field of 2.45 GHz microwave processing of epoxy, glass-composite, and carbon-composite materials since the 90 s. This research resulted in at least 43 publications including talks, letters, papers, project reports, and theses [ 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 ]. Divided into their main topics, these publications can be split into general [ 32 , 33 , 34 ], process [ 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 ,…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

2.45 GHz Microwave Processing and Its Influence on Glass Fiber Reinforced Plastics

Teufl

Zaremba

2018

Materials

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During the production of fiber-reinforced composite materials, liquid resin is introduced into the fiber material and cured, i.e., hardened. An elevated temperature is needed for this curing. Microwave curing of composites has been investigated for some time, but it has mostly been done using small domestic or laboratory equipment. However, no investigation has been carried out using an industrial-sized chamber-microwave for glass fiber-reinforced plastic (GFRP). Here, we show that microwave curing produces laminates of the same quality as oven-cured ones. The study shows that, if the process is done right, GFRP samples can be produced with an industrial scale microwave. Even if not fully cured, microwave samples show a glass transition temperature measured with DMA (Tg-DMA) that is comparable to the Tg-DMA according to the proposed cure cycle on the data sheet. Specific microwave-cured configurations show better inter-laminar shear strength than oven specimens. The results show that microwave-based heat introduction can be a beneficial curing method for GFRP laminates. A microwave-optimized process is faster and leads to better mechanical properties.

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Studies on Tensile and Interlaminar Shear Strength Properties of Thermally Cured and Microwave Cured Glass–Epoxy Composites

Cited by 44 publications

References 13 publications

Comparison of the mechanical and physical properties of a carbon fibre epoxy composite manufactured by resin transfer moulding using conventional and microwave heating

Comparison of the mechanical and physical properties of a carbon fibre epoxy composite manufactured by resin transfer moulding using conventional and microwave heating

Gravity Effects of Curing Angle on Laminated Composite Structures: A Review on Novel Study

2.45 GHz Microwave Processing and Its Influence on Glass Fiber Reinforced Plastics

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