Studies on sustainability of simulated constructed wetland system for treatment of urban waste: Design and operation

Upadhyay, Atul Kumar; Bankoti, Neeraj Singh; Rai, Umesh

doi:10.1016/j.jenvman.2016.01.004

Cited by 32 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…Achieving sustainability of the decentralized use of wastewaters is a challenge developing countries are currently facing [1,2]. However, current treatment procedures are expensive, and they require high energy costs and highly-trained personnel for operation and maintenance [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Wastewater Treatment by Microcosms of Vertical Subsurface Wetlands in Partially Saturated Conditions Planted with Ornamental Plants and Filled with Mineral and Plastic Substrates

Sandoval

Marín-Muñiz

Castro

et al. 2019

IJERPH

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The current knowledge about the role terrestrial ornamental plants play in constructed wetlands (CWs) has scarcely been evaluated. Likewise, little attention has been given towards the use of new support or fill media for subsurface flow CWs, which may result in the reduction of costs when implemented on a large scale. This study evaluated, during nine months, the effect of three terrestrial ornamental plants and two substrates on the elimination of pollutants in wastewaters by using fill-and-drain vertical subsurface flow CWs (FD-CWs). Sixteen microcosms were used, nine filled with polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and nine with porous river stone (PRS). For each type of substrate, duplicates of microcosms were used, utilizing Anthurium sp., Zantedeschia aethiopica, and Spathiphyllum wallisii as vegetation and two other CWs without vegetation as controls. The environmental conditions, number of flowers, and height of the plants were registered. The results revealed that both substrates in the FD-CWs were efficient in removing pollutants. The average removal of pollutants in systems with vegetation revealed a positive effect on the reduction of the biochemical oxygen demand (55–70%), nitrates (28–44%), phosphates (25–45%), and fecal coliforms (52–65%). Meanwhile, in units without vegetation, the reduction of pollutants was nearly 40–50% less than in those with vegetation. The use of PET as a filling substrate in CWs did not affect the growth and/or the flowering of the species; therefore, its use combined with the species studied in CWs may be replicated in villages with similar wastewater problems. This may represent a reduction in implementation costs when utilizing PET recycled wastes and PRS as substrates in these systems in comparison with the typical substrates used in CWs. More studies are needed to better understand the interactions among these novel support media and the commercial terrestrial ornamental plants.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Wastewater Treatment by Microcosms of Vertical Subsurface Wetlands in Partially Saturated Conditions Planted with Ornamental Plants and Filled with Mineral and Plastic Substrates

Sandoval

Marín-Muñiz

Castro

et al. 2019

IJERPH

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“…They mimic natural filtration processes with native vegetation, soils and microbial communities. Design of these systems involves variable criteria including: wastewater constituents, plant species, substrate materials, flow direction and retention times [34]. Constructed wetland systems for wastewater treatment can be land-intensive, according to some estimates: a system for wastewater from 10,000 persons requires twenty acres of land [35].…”

Section: Strategies For Biodiversity Conservation and Green Wastewatementioning

confidence: 99%

Pipe Dreams: Urban Wastewater Treatment for Biodiversity Protection

Cunningham

Gharipour

2018

Urban Science

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Wastewater treatment systems in urban areas of the United States have reached a critical replacement age. From century-old, deteriorating systems raw sewage overflows into basements, streets and surface waters. In economically depressed cities, sewage overflows are frequent and heavily fined, costing municipalities millions of dollars. Pollution by untreated wastewater severely degrades aquatic and wetland ecosystems and exacerbates serious risks to public health. Necessary and extensive clean water infrastructure repairs are imperative to protect the health and habitat of humans and other organisms. As accelerating human development contributes to wide spread losses of naturally occurring wetlands, dwindling patches of habitat native plant and animal species rely on for survival are further threatened. Within this alarming situation is an opportunity to rebuild and retrofit our wastewater treatment systems with infrastructure that enhances long-term ecosystem sustainability.

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“…Nonetheless, adapting this idea to the transportation of sewage waters is not devoid of difficulties given the high organic and solid load of wastewater in comparison to clean water. Underground systems with wastewater flow through beds of stones are a common tool in Horizontal Subsurface Flow Treatment Wetlands (HSSF TW) wastewater treatments (Upadhyay et al, 2016). They are also used to treat landfill leachate, agricultural and urban runoff water and sewage sludge (Kadlec et al, 2000).…”

Section: Problem Statementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ecologically Designed Sanitary Sewer Based on Constructed Wetlands Technology � Case Study in Managua (Nicaragua)

Morales

Romero

Garvi

et al. 2017

JGE

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In developed countries the sanitation and treatment of urban wastewater is well sustained and technically solved by means of conventional pipe networks and subsequent centralized treatments. However, developing countries lack these infrastructures and are in need of sustainable, decentralized and economically viable solutions for the disposal of their urban wastewaters. In addition to this, there are situations where the demands of conservation of natural spaces do not allow intensive constructive procedures and which force the implementation of sanitary engineering with less environmental impact. We present the Ecological Wastewater Sewer (EWS), an ecological urban sewerage system that simultaneously transports wastewater and improves its This is an Open Access publication. c 2017 the Author(s). All rights reserved. 422 L. Pozo-Morales et al. quality. This innovative technology is an alternative to conventional sanitation piping that has minimal environmental impact. It is based on a successful previous work for the improvement of artificial wetlands in a pilot scheme and at full-scale on a test site. The EWS is a channel-shaped device that relies on the application of two key developments: a carefully designed cornered stones layout, and the creation of a natural aeration system. This way, it acts as a separating sewage system that guarantees the presence of a chamber of circulating air within the transportation unit, favouring permanent aerobic conditions in the upper levels of the mass of wastewater. Furthermore, its capacity to settle suspended solids allows the EWS to be used as a sedimentor in water purification processes. A real-life application of this system proved successful in the sanitation of a district of Managua (Nicaragua). Working with a 100-metre-long street of 20 one-story houses, the system is reported to still be in full operating order after six years. The conclusions and results drawn from its monitoring are meticulously explained in our paper, as well as the recommendations & guidelines for the design of more EWS units, with aim to the popularization of this affordable, efficient and green approach to wastewater sanitation.

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Studies on sustainability of simulated constructed wetland system for treatment of urban waste: Design and operation

Cited by 32 publications

References 45 publications

Evaluation of Wastewater Treatment by Microcosms of Vertical Subsurface Wetlands in Partially Saturated Conditions Planted with Ornamental Plants and Filled with Mineral and Plastic Substrates

Evaluation of Wastewater Treatment by Microcosms of Vertical Subsurface Wetlands in Partially Saturated Conditions Planted with Ornamental Plants and Filled with Mineral and Plastic Substrates

Pipe Dreams: Urban Wastewater Treatment for Biodiversity Protection

Ecologically Designed Sanitary Sewer Based on Constructed Wetlands Technology � Case Study in Managua (Nicaragua)

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