“…Since the DSSC was fabricated for the first time in 1991, researchers have done much work to optimize the materials and microstructure of the photo‐anode. Among varied photo‐anodes, TiO 2 photo‐anodes have exhibited relatively high photoelectric conversion efficiency (PCE), while comparing with other metal oxides (CeO 2 , ZnO, SnO 2 , Nb 2 O 5 , In 2 O 3 , α‐Fe 2 0 3 , WO 3 ) composite oxides (Graphene‐Nb 2 O 5 , Al‐ZnO, Graphene‐MOF, Cu x O‐WO 3 ). Moreover, due to the photochemical stability, nontoxicity, and adequate resources for synthesis, TiO 2 has become the best material for application in electronic devices …”