Studies on roasting of coffee beans in a spouted bed

Analysis of the heat and mass transfer during coffee batch roasting

“…These moisture loss and chemical reactions are accompanied by important changes (color, volume, mass, form, bean pop, pH, density, volatile components) and generate CO 2 , of which a part escapes and other part is retained in the cells of the beans. After this second phase, the beans must be rapidly cooled to stop the reactions (using water or air as cooling agent) and to prevent an excessive roast which alter the quality of the product (Illy & Viani, 1998;Nagaraju, Murthy, Ramalakshmi, & Srinivasa, 1997;Raemy, 1981;Raemy & Lambelet, 1982;Schwartzberg, 2002;Singh, Singh, Bhamidipati, Singh, & Barone, 1997;Sivetz & Desrosier, 1979).…”

On-line assessment of brightness and surface kinetics during coffee roasting

“…During coffee roasting, moisture loss and chemical reactions (oxidation, reduction, hydrolysis, polymerization, decarboxylation and many other chemical changes), as well as major changes (to color, volume (swell), mass, form, bean pop, pH, density and volatile components) occur, and CO 2 is generated. Finally, after these considerable changes, the beans must be cooled rapidly to halt the reactions (using water or air as a cooling agent) and prevent excessive roast which will alter product quality (Schwartzberg, 2000;Illy and Viani, 1998;Nagaraju et al, 1997;Raemy and Lambelet, 1982;Raemy, 1981;Singh et al, 1997;Sivetz and Desrosier, 1979).…”

“…The quality of roasted coffee is evaluated experimentally in the laboratory using different parameters (for example: aroma, flavors, color, bean temperature, pH, chemical composition, bean pop, mass loss, gas composition and volume) (Hernández Pérez, 2002;Schwartzberg, 2000;Illy and Viani, 1998;Nagaraju et al, 1997). However, in the industry, it is very difficult to estimate these parameters on-line, and in most cases the roast master has an essential role to play.…”

Low temperature drying of pomace in spout and spout-fluid beds

“…Spouted beds are therefore suitable for different physical and chemical operations, ranging from coating, which has extensively been studied for nuclear and pharmaceutical applications (Bridgwater, 1985;De Oliveira, Freire, & Coury, 1997;Jono, Ichikawa, Miyamoto, & Fukumori, 2000;Mathur & Epstein, 1974;Olazar, Jose, & Bilbao, 1996;Pissinati & Pereira Oliveira, 2003), for catalyzed reactions, coal gasification and combustion (Konduri, Altwicker, & Morgan, 1995Lim et al, 1988;Olazar, Arandes, Zabala, Aguayo, & Bilbao, 1997;Piccinini, Grace, & Mathur, 1979;Rovero, Piccinini, Grace, Epstein, & Brereton, 1983;Stocker, Eng, Svrcek, & Behie, 1989) and for solids to fluid mass transfer operations, such as drying (Arsenijevic, Grbavcic, & Garic-Grulovic, 2004; Di Bartolo, Marmo, Rovero, & Mazzarino, 1996;Hattori, Morimoto, Yamaguchi, Onezawa, & Arai, 2001;Izadifar & Mowla, 2003;Khoe & Van Brakel, 1983;Nagaraju, Murthy, Ramalaksmi, & Srinivasa Rao, 1997;Olazar et al, 1996;Osorio Revilla, Lopez-Suarez, & Gallardo Velazquez, 2004a, Osorio Revilla, Elias-Serrano, & Gallardo Velazquez, 2004bShuhama, Aguiar, Oliveira, & Freitas, 2003;Tulasidas, Kudra, Raghavan, & Mujumdar, 1993;Viswanathan, Lyall, & Raychaudhuri, 1986). Some applications concerning desulfurization in combustion processes have also been presented (Xu, Guo, Kaneko, & Kato, 2000).…”