Studies on Rehmanniae Radix. I. Effect of 50% Ethanolic Extract from Steamed and Dried Rehmanniae Radix on Hemorheology in Arthritic and Thrombosic Rats.

Kubo, Michinori; Asano, Toshiki; Shiomoto, Hidemi; Matsuda, Hideaki

doi:10.1248/bpb.17.1282

Cited by 61 publications

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“…20) In natural medicines, some substances have been reported to have significant effects on the erythrocyte deformability and/or blood viscosity, on the fibrinogen concentration and on blood rheology in rats. 21,22) The microchannel (MC-FAN) has been reported as a useful tool in analyzing blood rheology in pathophysiological conditions 14) and to evaluate the effects of substances on the blood flow rate and fluidity. 13,14,23) In the current study, ASX-O significantly decreased the microchannel transit time of the whole blood compared to the vehicle control (pϽ0.05), without affecting the blood cell counts.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antihypertensive Potential and Mechanism of Action of Astaxanthin: II. Vascular Reactivity and Hemorheology in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats

Hussein

Goto

Oda

et al. 2005

Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin

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Diseases such as hypertension, atherosclerosis, hyperlipidemia, and diabetes are associated with vascular, functional and structural changes including endothelial dysfunction, altered contractility and vascular remodeling. The role of vascular endothelium in modulating vascular tone and maintaining cardiovascular homeostasis in blood vessels, through the production of an array of both relaxant (e.g., nitric oxide [NO], prostacyclin) and constrictor factors (such as thromboxane, endothelin), has been widely reported. 1-4)The development of hypertension is accompanied by changes in the rheological properties of blood, particularly by an increased red blood cell (RBC) aggregation, leading to further pathological complications. Plasma viscosity contributes to the cardiovascular risks and may be of special importance in cases of reduced blood flow, as commonly occurs in patients with advanced atherosclerosis, 5) and it is also related to the extension of coronary heart disease.6,7) Effects of rheological properties of blood on thrombogenesis and atherosclerosis has been cited in several reports. [8][9][10] We previously investigated blood pressure (BP) lowering-effects of the dietary astaxanthin (ASX-O) in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR).11) The current study was designed to investigate the antihypertensive mechanisms of action of ASX-O by investigating its effects on vascular reactivity in the SHR. Contractile and relaxant responses of the vascular system were studied on aortic rings from ASX-Otreated SHR. Moreover, the effects of ASX-O on blood fluidity and rheology were evaluated by microchannel transit time analysis. MATERIALS AND METHODS General ProceduresMale SHR (7 weeks old) were used in this study. The animals were obtained from colonies of specific pathogen-free rats maintained by Japan Shizuoka Laboratory Company (Japan SLC, Shizuoka, Japan). Housing conditions were thermostatically maintained at 24Ϯ1°C with constant humidity (60%) and lighting (12 h light/dark cycle, light on: 07:30-19:30). The animals were housed for at least 1 week before the experiments and fed a normal diet (Lab MR, NOSAN, Yokohama, Japan) and water given ad libitum. Body weights were measured daily during the experimental period. ASX-O, composed of 5.5% astaxanthin (ASX) in edible oil base, was obtained from Fuji Chemical (Fuji Chemical Industry Co., Ltd., Toyama, Japan) and dissolved and diluted in olive oil (Wako Pure Chemicals, Osaka, Japan). Administered doses were calculated as ASX in the dietary ASX-O. The animals were divided into two groups (8 rats/group) and were treated daily for 7-9 weeks. One group was administered ASX (5 mg/kg/d, p.o.) and the other one was similarly treated with olive oil (1 ml/kg/d).All experimental procedures were performed in accordance with the standards established by the 'Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals at Toyama Medical and Pharmaceutical University'. Measurement of BP and Heart Rate (HR) in Conscious RatsArterial BP and HR were determined by a tail cuff system. The rats we...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antihypertensive Potential and Mechanism of Action of Astaxanthin: II. Vascular Reactivity and Hemorheology in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats

Hussein

Goto

Oda

et al. 2005

Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin

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“…Several studies were undertaken concerning the pharmacological function of rehmanniae radis. [16][17][18] It was reported that rehmanniae radis could prevent an inducement of impediment in the peripheral microcirculation of various chronic diseases through the improvement of hemorheology. 16) Rehmanniae radis could inhibit systemic allergic reaction and had beneficial effects on the regulation of immediate type allergic reaction.…”

Section: )mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Traditional Chinese Medicine on Bone Loss in SAMP6: A Murine Model for Senile Osteoporosis

Chen

Emura

Isono

et al. 2005

Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin

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In healthy adults, the amount of bone formation approximately balances the amount of bone resorption. In aged individuals, the balance shifts to favor bone resorption, which can result in debilitating diseases such as osteoporosis. Osteoporosis is a skeletal disorder characterized by compromised bone strength, and predisposes a person to an increased risk of fracture. Bone strength primarily reflects the integration of bone density and bone quality. 1)Osteoporosis is regarded as a heterogeneous disorder with multiple causes. It is roughly divided into two distinct types. Type I, known as postmenopausal osteoporosis, occurs in women after menopause. Type II, senile osteoporosis, occurs in both old men and women. Ovariectomy has been extensively used as an experimental model for postmenopausal osteoporosis, while senescence-accelerated mice P6 (SAMP6) can be used as a senile osteoporosis model.2) These mice exhibit a significant decrease in bone mineral density (BMD) and bone formation. It was demonstrated by using light microscopy and histomorphometric method that both osteoclastogenesis and osteoblastogenesis decreased in SAMP6.3) Recently, we found that the osteoblasts showed degenerative changes and the number of osteoblasts decreased, while the mast cells in bone marrows significantly increased in SAMP6 at 2 and 5 months of age. These findings indicated that the lower bone mass in SAMP6 was mainly due to the reduction of osteoblast formation. 4) However, the pathogenesis of senile osteoporosis has not fully been elucidated.Despite numerous investigations, the treatment and prevention of osteoporosis remain unsolved problems. Several agents such as estrogens and selective estrogen receptor modulators, bisphosphonates, calcitonin (CT) and parathyroid hormone (PTH) have been used clinically in the treatment of the disease. Traditional Chinese medicine has developed its own unique system during a period of 3000 years and has recently been reevaluated in the clinical field.5) Chinese medicines are known to have low toxicity and are suitable for long-term administration compared to chemically synthesized medicines. Several Chinese medicines are claimed to be effective in treatment of osteoporosis. By measuring BMD and serum hormone levels, Sassa et al. found that Hochu-ekki-to could elevate the serum level of ovarian hormone and prevent the bone loss in ovariectomized animals.6) Berberine, an isoquinoline alkaloid, could inhibit BMD decrease in both male and female SAMP6.7) It was morphologically demonstrated that Hachimi-jio-gan, Juzentaiho-to and Unkei-to were effective in preventing bone loss induced by ovariectomy in rats.8) However, no data are available as to the recovery of bone loss in SAMP6 by any of these Chinese medicines. In order to evaluate the effects of traditional Chinese medicine on senile osteoporosis, we examined whether Hachimi-jio-gan, Juzen-taiho-to or Unkei-to could prevent the bone loss in SAMP6. MATERIALS AND METHODS Traditional Chinese MedicinesDried extract powder of the traditional Chin...

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“…Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi (Huang Qui) is a medicinal herb widely used for the treatment of various inflammatory diseases, hepatitis, tumors, allergic reactions, and diarrhea in East Asian countries including China, Korea, Taiwan, and Japan [14]. The plant has been reported to contain a large number of flavonoids, frequently found as glucosides and other constituents, including phenethyl alcohols, sterols, and essential oils and amino acids.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of p53, PUMA, and Bax in wogonin-induced apoptosis in human cancer cells

Lee

Kim

Zhang

et al. 2008

Biochemical Pharmacology

119

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We observed that treatment of prostate cancer cells for 24 h with wogonin, a naturally occurring monoflavonoid, induced cell death in a dose-and time-dependent manner. Exposure of wogonin to LNCaP cells was associated with increased intracellular levels of p21 Cip-1 , p27 Kip-1 , p53, and PUMA, oligomerization of Bax, release of cytochrome c from the mitochondria, and activation of caspases. We also confirmed the role of p53 by noting that knock-in in p53 expression by transfecting p53 DNA increased wogonin-induced apoptosis in p53-null PC-3 cells. To study the mechanism of PUMA upregulation, we determined the activities of PUMA promoter in the wogonin treated and untreated cells. Increase of the intracellular levels of PUMA protein was due to increase in transcriptional activity. Data from chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) analyses revealed that wogonin activated the transcription factor p53 binding activity to the PUMA promoter region. We observed that the upregulation of PUMA mediated wogonin cytotoxicity. Further characterization of the transcriptional response to wogonin in HCT116 human colon cancer cells demonstrated that PUMA induction was p53-dependent; deficiency in either p53 or PUMA significantly protected HCT116 cells against wogonin-induced apoptosis. Also, wogonin promoted mitochondrial translocation and multimerization of Bax. Interestingly, wogonin (100 μM) treatment did not affect the viability of normal human prostate epithelial cells (PrEC). Taken together, these results indicate that p53-dependent transcriptional induction of PUMA and oligomerization of Bax play important roles in the sensitivity of cancer cells to apoptosis induced by caspase activation through wogonin.

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Studies on Rehmanniae Radix. I. Effect of 50% Ethanolic Extract from Steamed and Dried Rehmanniae Radix on Hemorheology in Arthritic and Thrombosic Rats.

Cited by 61 publications

References 0 publications

Antihypertensive Potential and Mechanism of Action of Astaxanthin: II. Vascular Reactivity and Hemorheology in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats

Antihypertensive Potential and Mechanism of Action of Astaxanthin: II. Vascular Reactivity and Hemorheology in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats

Effects of Traditional Chinese Medicine on Bone Loss in SAMP6: A Murine Model for Senile Osteoporosis

Role of p53, PUMA, and Bax in wogonin-induced apoptosis in human cancer cells

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