Studies on Phenol-Formaldehyde Crosslinked Polymer Gels in Bulk and in Porous Media

Albonico, Paola; Bartošek, Martin; Malandrino, Alberto; Bryant, Steven L.; Lockhart, Thomas P.

doi:10.2118/28983-ms

Cited by 43 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…With pH increasing, many carboxyl groups were produced by the hydrolyisis of amide groups, which led the degree of hydrolysis to increase and prolonged the gelation time. The polycondensation reaction of PFR was conducted under low pH (Albonico et al, 1995;Banerjee et al, 2006;Limei et al, 2008b).…”

Section: Gelation Time Determinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A gel with short gelation time cannot be injected into an in-depth reservoir and form a three-dimensional structure at near-wellbore zone. Near-wellbore treatments with polymer gels have been shown to be an effective means to achieve total shutoff of selected formations and modify the conformance of injected fluids (Albonico et al, 1995). However, for the in-depth zone of reservoirs, after coming round the treatment zone, the polymer solution flows into the high-permeability strips again.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Study of a Profile Control Agent Applied in an Offshore Oilfield

Wang

et al. 2011

Petroleum Science and Technology

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Polymer gels are used to stop unwanted fluid production from oil and gas wells. One of the most important types of gel is composed of polymer and phenol formaldehyde resin, which is synthesized by phenol and formaldehyde under alkaline conditions. The gelation time is in a wide range of several days to 10 days. Crosslinking occurs in a wide range of pH values and is sensitive to temperature. The phenol formaldehyde resin gel has good rheological behavior and thermal stability. Core flooding experiments show that the mentioned gel has good injectivity and plugging ability, especially selective plugging ability.

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Section: Gelation Time Determinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study of a Profile Control Agent Applied in an Offshore Oilfield

Wang

et al. 2011

Petroleum Science and Technology

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“…Another popular water-based gel system is based on a phenol/formaldehyde crosslinking system for homo-, co-, and ter-polymer systems containing acrylamide (Albonico et al, 1995;Bryant et al, 1996;Bryant et al, 1997). Depending on the polymer composition, these gels are thermally stable, and the gelation times are controllable over the wide range of temperatures .…”

Section: Downloaded By [Umeå University Library] At 21:53 19 Novembermentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Polymer Conformance Treatment: A Successful Guideline for Water Control in Mature Fields

Chung

Bae

Nguyen

et al. 2011

Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmenta

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Waterflooding has been practiced for several decades as a means of secondary recovery. This process is successful if there is uniform resistance to the injected water. However, due to its nature of heterogeneity, the injected water flows to the less resistant path, resulting in poor sweep efficiency. As one of many candidates to overcome this problem, polymer systems mixing with several types of chemical agents have been researched and applied for several years. In this article, the authors reviewed and summarized the Relative Permeability Modification/Disproportionate Permeability Reduction and water shutoff treatments.

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“…To extend the polymer gel application scope, some thermally stable polymer gels that composed of copolymers and organic crosslinkers have been reported in previous literatures (Moradi-Araghi et al 1993;Albonico et al 1995;Bryant et al 1997;Hardy et al 1998;Mary et al 1999;Moradi-Araghi 2000;Vasquez et al 2005;Eoff et al 2007;Banerjee et al 2008;Al-Muntasheri et al 2009;Sengupta et al 2012;Yadav and Mahto 2013). The copolymers reported in previous literatures are copolymer of acrylamide and t-butylacrylate (PAtBA), and copolymer of acrylamide and acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) and the organic crosslinkers are phenol formaldehyde resin and polyethyleneimine (PEI).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development and evaluation of organic/inorganic combined gel for conformance control in high temperature and high salinity reservoirs

Wang

Sun

et al. 2014

J Petrol Explor Prod Technol

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Polymer gels have been successfully applied to control undesired water production for many years, however, due to poor long-term thermal stability and salt tolerance, conventional polymer gels present some limitations for application in high temperature and high salinity reservoirs. In this paper, an organic/inorganic combined gel composed of polymer with low degree of hydrolysis, phenol formaldehyde resin and inorganic silicate was proposed and developed. The effects of concentration, temperature on gelation time were studied. Long-term thermal stability, salt tolerance and permeability reduction ability were investigated. Results showed that based on proper gelation time and economical cost, the formulation of the organic/inorganic combined gel was optimized. The gelation time decreased from 54.0 to 15.5 h with increasing temperature from 100 to 130°C. After aging for 60 days in simulated formation brine with high total dissolved solids (TDS: 20 % NaCl ? 2.5 % CaCl 2 ) at 130°C, compared with polymer gel, the organic/inorganic combined gel had better long-term thermal stability and salt tolerance. Sandpack flow experimental results showed that for the organic/inorganic combined gel composed of 0.3 wt% polymer, 4.0 wt% resin and 3.0 wt% inorganic silicate, after aging for 60 days at 130°C, the combined gel showed approximately 85 % permeability reduction. Therefore, these results indicate that the combined gel studied here can be a good candidate for controlling water production in high temperature and high salinity reservoirs.

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Studies on Phenol-Formaldehyde Crosslinked Polymer Gels in Bulk and in Porous Media

Cited by 43 publications

References 15 publications

Study of a Profile Control Agent Applied in an Offshore Oilfield

Study of a Profile Control Agent Applied in an Offshore Oilfield

A Review of Polymer Conformance Treatment: A Successful Guideline for Water Control in Mature Fields

Development and evaluation of organic/inorganic combined gel for conformance control in high temperature and high salinity reservoirs

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