Studies on Nucleoproteins

Crampton, Charles F.; Lipshitz, Rakoma; Chargaff, Erwin

doi:10.1016/s0021-9258(19)50818-3

Cited by 144 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Histones are regarded as existing in the nucleus as salt-like compounds with deoxyribonucleic acid (for recent observations, see Crampton, 1957;Zubay & Doty, 1959). The ability to form gels, by cross-linkages between the long nucleohistone units, is a good indication of the integrity of the deoxyribonucleoprotein of the nucleus, and it has been shown that deoxyribonucleases prevent this gel formation (Dounce, 1955;Dounce, O'Connell & Monty, 1957).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Migration of histones from the nuclei of isolated cerebral tissues kept in cold media

Wolfe

McIlwain

1961

Biochemical Journal

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Migration of histones from the nuclei of isolated cerebral tissues kept in cold media

Wolfe

McIlwain

1961

Biochemical Journal

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“…The alkaline hydrolysate was processed and [5,6-3H]-and [32P]UMP were determined after chromatographic fractionation on PEI-cellulose as explained (Winslow and Lazzarini, 1969) Protein and DNA Measurements. Protein was determined according to the method of Crampton (Crampton et al, 1954) and DNA by Burton's procedure (Burton, 1953).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Control of RNA synthesis. 2. Control of ribonucleic acid synthesis in eukaryotes. 2. The effect of protein synthesis on the activities of nuclear and total DNA-dependent RNA polymerase in yeast

Kj¹,

Ao²

1976

Biochemistry

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A thermosensitive conditional yeast mutant (ts-187) which suppresses protein synthesis at the nonpermissive temperature (36 degrees C) also suppresses RNA synthesis. The effect of temperature on the mutant is similar to the addition of cycloheximide--it inhibits the incorporation of labeled precursors into RNA in both whole cells and isolated nuclei. The effect of temperature is selective for the RNA polymerases bound to the nuclear template but not for the total RNA polymerases. Thus, the specific activities and total amounts of RNA polymerase species extracted and assayed with exogenous DNA template are similar in the ts-187 cultured at 23 degrees C and at 36 degrees C. On the contrary, the nuclear polymerases, i.e., RNA synthesis in isolated nuclei, are dramatically inhibited in cells cultured at 36 degrees C. When amino acid starved ts-187 cells are transferred to 36 degrees C, release from the inhibtion of RNA synthesis is observed. As with the addition of cycloheximide, this relaxation is observed in cells but not in isolated nuclei. The parental strain, A364A, which responds by stimulating instead of inhibiting protein synthesis when the temperature is increased to 36 degrees C, also exhibits an inhibition in the incorporation of labeled precursor into RNA as well as reducing RNA synthesis in isolated nuclei. However, these are transitory inhibitions and afterward there is reinitiation of both processes. Reinitiation of RNA synthesis in isolated nuclei is similar to the relaxed phenomenon and it is called "nuclear relaxation". This relaxation can only be obtained if protein synthesis is not inhibited; however, cellular relaxation occurs in the absence of protein synthesis. The repression of the nuclear RNA polymerase activities which starvation and inhibition of protein synthesis produce appears to be due to a restriction in the nuclear DNA template. This notion is supported by the fact that a net diminution of these nuclear enzyme activities is observed in spheroplasts cultured under starving conditions. Studies of the four main ribonucleotide pools indicate that stringency and inhibition of protein synthesis (ts-187 cultured at 36 degrees C) produce an increase in UTP and CTP pools. This is consistent with the concept that stringency and inhibition of protein synthesis affect the rate of utilization rather than the synthesis of these ribonucleotide residues. In the A364A and ts-187 yeast strains, the conversion of uracil but not of uridine into the UTP and CTP is inhibited when there is inhibition of the nuclear RNA polymerases. This indicates that the uracil phosphoribosyltransferase but not the uridine-cytidine kinase is allosterically inhibited by UTP and CTP in yeast. The feedback inhibition in the metabolic pathway of the base explains why relaxation cannot be detected when uracil instead of uridine is used as the labeled RNA precursor.

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“…There is some information on the possible physical relationship of histone-DNA complexes by X-ray diffraction (Zubay, 1964) and electron microscopy (Huxley & Zubay, 1961). However, it is still unclear as to whether all histones are aligned to neutralize the phosphate groups of DNA, or whether some histones are specifically linked to specific base sequences, as suggested by the close relationship described between G+C-rich components of DNA and histones (Crampton, Lipschitz & Chargaff, 1954; Skalka, Rasmussen & Luck, 1964). Elucidation of such problems is now possible since precise methods for the isolation and characterization of individual histone species have been developed (Johns, 1967;Mauritzen, Starbuck, Taylor, Saroja & Busch, 1967;).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Homologies in amino acid composition and structure of histone F2al isolated from human leukaemic cells

Desai

Foley

1970

Biochemical Journal

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Histones F2al extracted from normal and neoplastic cells possess similar amino acid compositions. Tryptic and chymotryptic peptides of the F2al histones have identical chromato-electrophoretic R(F) values. It is concluded that histones F2al from various sources have similar overall structures. The observed differences in the ratios of in-N-monomethyl- and di-in-N-methyl-lysine in the histones from normal and neoplastic cells may be of significance with respect to gene regulation.

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Studies on Nucleoproteins

Cited by 144 publications

References 20 publications

Migration of histones from the nuclei of isolated cerebral tissues kept in cold media

Migration of histones from the nuclei of isolated cerebral tissues kept in cold media

Control of RNA synthesis. 2. Control of ribonucleic acid synthesis in eukaryotes. 2. The effect of protein synthesis on the activities of nuclear and total DNA-dependent RNA polymerase in yeast

Homologies in amino acid composition and structure of histone F2al isolated from human leukaemic cells

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