Studies on Natural Infection and Egg Transmission of Arizona hinshawii 7:1,7,8 in Turkeys

Assessment of listing and categorisation of animal diseases within the framework of the Animal Health Law (Regulation (EU) No 2016/429): Salmonella infection in poultry with serotypes of animal health relevance (S. Pullorum, S. Gallinarum and S. arizonae)

“…Systemic infection also occurs, leading to colonisation of reproductive tissues ovaries, oviducts, stag testes and semen (Shivaprasad, ). Infected eggs may be produced over an extended period; in excess of 20 weeks in one study (Goetz, ; Kumar et al., ).…”

“…boot swabs, dust) and a sensitive culture technique suited for coping with contaminant organisms is used (Carrique‐Mas and Davies, ). Dead in shell embryos, hatch debris and dead poults have also been found to be sensitive indicators of breeding flock infection (Goetz, ; Kumar et al., ). Specificity depends on accurate identification of isolates using appropriate colonial, serological and biochemical discriminators (Carrique‐Mas and Davies, ).…”

“…The strength of serological responses appear to vary according to stage of life and the age at which the bird becomes infected, with peaks described at around 1 month of age and, for later‐infected birds, at point of lay (Kumar et al., ).…”

“…Antibiotic/antimicrobial chemotherapeutic treatment of carrier adults does not prevent infection of eggs (Goetz, ). No drug or combination has been found capable of eliminating infection from a treated flock, but antibacterial drugs may reduce morbidity and losses if given to young poults (Hinshaw and McNeil, ; Kumar et al., ), dramatically so if given at the hatchery (Shivaprasad, ).…”

“…Reportedly effective treatments have been given by injection at the hatchery, and in feed on rearing premises (Hinshaw and McNeil, ; Kumar et al., ; Pomeroy et al., ; Shivaprasad, ).…”