Studies on modified chitosan membranes. I. Preparation and characterization

Qurashi, M. T.; Blair, H. S.; Allen, Stephen

doi:10.1002/app.1992.070460206

Cited by 114 publications

(68 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…The film (1.5×1.5 cm) was immersed in 5 ml heptane taken in a small beaker. CCl 4 was taken in a burette and added drop wise to the beaker until the film floats in the middle of the solution and density of the film was calculated (Qurashi et al 1992) as,…”

Section: Densitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of chitosan based edible films: process optimization using response surface methodology

2014

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Three-factors Box-Behnken design of response surface methodology (RSM) was used to optimize chitosan level (1.5, 2.0, 2.5 %w/v), glycerol level (0.5, 0.75, 1.0 %w/v) and drying temperature (35, 40, 45°C) for the development of chitosan based edible films. The optimization was done on the basis of different responses viz. thickness, moisture, solubility, colour profile (L*, a*, b* value), penetrability, density, transmittance and water vapor transmission rate (WVTR). The linear effect of chitosan was significant (p<0.05) on all the responses. However, density was only significantly (p<0.05) affected by glycerol in a negative linear fashion. Drying temperature also significantly (p<0.05) affected thickness, penetrability, transmittance and WVTR in linear terms. The quadratic regression coefficient of chitosan showed a significant effect (p<0.05) on moisture, solubility and WVTR; glycerol level on moisture, L* value and transmittance; and drying temperature on a* value, penetrability, transmittance and WVTR. The effect of interaction of glycerol x temperature as well as chitosan x temperature was also significant (p<0.05) on a* value and WVTR of edible films. The optimized conditions were: 2.0 % w/v chitosan level, 0.75 % w/v glycerol level and drying temperature 40°C at a constant time of 48 h. All the response variables were in favourable range including thickness; 108.59 mμ, penetrability; 16.41 N, transmittance; 75.60 %, WVTR; 0.00174 g/m 2 -t for the optimized edible film. Results concluded that edible films with desirable bio-mechanical properties can be successfully developed and effectively utilized in the food packaging industry.

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Section: Densitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of chitosan based edible films: process optimization using response surface methodology

2014

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“…It is also a chelating agent for the removal of harmful metals in industrial and nuclear wastes, and a support for ion exchange, chelation and affinity chromatography [2]. The principal industrial source of chitin is shells of shrimp, lobster and crab.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Formulation and Characterization of Glutaraldehyde Cross-Linked Chitosan Biodegradable Microspheres Loaded with Famotidine

Ramachandran¹,

Nandhakumar²,

Dhanaraju³

2011

Trop. J. Pharm Res

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“…Thus, it is used in various fields 11 • 12 ranging from a simple flocculant for waste water treatments to medical uses. In particular, interesting observations on the blends of chitosan with some synthetic polymers such as poly(vinyl alcohol), 13 poly-(vinylpyrrolidone), 14 and poly(ethylene oxide) 15 have been reported. Recently, Ratto et al 7 examined the miscibility of chitosan/polyamide blends and reported that the blends are partially miscible.…”

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confidence: 99%

Miscibility of Chitosans/Polyamide 6 Blends

Kim

et al. 1997

Polym J

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ABSTRACT:Chitosans with different degrees of deacetylation were prepared by a chemical method, and miscibility between chitosan and polyamide 6 was examined as a function of the degree of deacetylation in chitosan. From dynamic mechanical analysis and solution viscosity measurement, it may be concluded that there are specific interactions between amorphous regions of both polymers and that the miscibility of the blends becomes better as the degree of deacetylation in chitosan decreases.KEY WORDS Chitosan / Degree of Deacetylation / Polyamide 6 / Blends / Miscibility / Recently, more focus has been concentrated on natural polymers, because natural polymers are inexhaustible resources with biocompatible and biodegradable properties, and they do not cause environmental problems. Therefore, many blending systems containing natural polymers are being studied. 1 -15 Chitosan is an N-deacetylated product of chitin that is the second most abundant polysaccharide in nature. Moreover, it has very useful functional groups such as hydroxyl, amine and acetamide groups, and also shows antimicrobial activity. Thus, it is used in various fields 11 • 12 ranging from a simple flocculant for waste water treatments to medical uses. In particular, interesting observations on the blends of chitosan with some synthetic polymers such as poly(vinyl alcohol), 13 poly-(vinylpyrrolidone), 14 and poly(ethylene oxide) 15 have been reported. Recently, Ratto et al. 7 examined the miscibility of chitosan/polyamide blends and reported that the blends are partially miscible. But, they used solely a chitosan with 80% degree of deacetylation.In this study, we control the degree of deacetylation of chitosan by a chemical method and investigate the miscibility of chitosan/polyamide 6 (PA6) blends as a function of the degree of deacetylation. EXPERIMENT AL MaterialsChitosan was purchased from Sigma Chemical Co., U.S.A. and purified by reprecipitation. 16 Chitosan was dissolved in 5% acetic acid and filtered with stainless steel mesh. The solution was poured into sodium hydroxide solution, and the precipitates were washed and dried in a vacuum at 60°C. The viscosity average molecular weight 1 7 was determined by the Mark-Houwink equation: [17]=KM: where K=l.8x 10-3 cm 3 g-1 in 0.1 M acetic acid/0.2 M NaCl solvent at 25°C and a is 0.93. The viscosity average molecular weight of the raw chitosan was 8.1 x 10 5 g mo1-1 . PA6 was supplied by Hyosung T & C, Korea and used without purification.t To whom correspondence should be addressed.Blending samples were prepared by dissolving chitosan and PA6 in formic acid. The solution was cast on a polystyrene plate and the solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure. Deacetylation and AcetylationTo prepare almost fully deacetylated chitosan, 18 the purified chitosan with 80% deacetylation was deacetylated as following procedure: The chitosan was first treated with 47% sodium hydroxide solution at 110°C for 2 h under nitrogen atmosphere, and the sample was filtered and washed with hot water. This procedure was r...

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Studies on modified chitosan membranes. I. Preparation and characterization

Cited by 114 publications

References 7 publications

Development of chitosan based edible films: process optimization using response surface methodology

Development of chitosan based edible films: process optimization using response surface methodology

Formulation and Characterization of Glutaraldehyde Cross-Linked Chitosan Biodegradable Microspheres Loaded with Famotidine

Miscibility of Chitosans/Polyamide 6 Blends

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