Studies on lithium salts to mitigate ASR-induced expansion in new concrete: a critical review

Waste glass as a supplementary cementitious material in concrete – Critical review of treatment methods

“…Both silica dissolution and lack of repolymerization, as well as aggregation of particles, were observed by Kurtis et al [39,42] using imaging techniques. While several authors have observed a decrease in dissolved silica in the presence of various lithium compounds, using LiOH specifically can result in an increase in dissolved Si while still mitigating ASR expansion [37,43,44]. The lack of repolymerization and the formation of aggregated or crystallized products are hypothesized to be related to the lack of ASR expansion in the presence of lithium.…”

“…This result has in turn been related to the ratio of lithium to total alkali, where a threshold ratio to control expansion has been identified as ranging between 0.6 and 0.9, depending on the experimental program and the material tested [47]. There is a narrow range for the ideal concentration of lithium in the system, which may indicate a pessimum due to the additional OH À liberated by the lithium compound [37,44,48]. Thomas et al have observed that outside of the ideal lithium content, increased expansion may actually occur when compared to the control specimen [49].…”

Alkali–silica reaction: Current understanding of the reaction mechanisms and the knowledge gaps

“…Much of the focus of research since that time has been on understanding the mechanisms by which lithium compounds control or reduce ASR [136][137][138][139][140][141][142][143][144][145]. A thorough summary can be found in several review documents [146][147][148]. Three main lithium compounds emerged as candidates for controlling ASR: LiOH, LiCO 3 and LiNO 3 .…”

ASR prevention — Effect of aluminum and lithium ions on the reaction products

“…Subsequently, cracks can develop, affecting the integrity of concrete structures. ASR in new structures can be prevented by adding supplementary cementitious materials (SCM) like granulated blast furnace slag, fly ash and metakaolin [e.g., [1][2][3][4] or LiNO 3 [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12]. Recent publications have given indications about the mechanisms enabling aluminum-containing SCM like metakaolin and added LiNO 3 , to limit the extent of ASR in mortar and concrete [13][14][15][16].…”