Studies on Levulinic Acid. I. Its Preparation From Carbohydrates by Digestion With Hydrochloric Acid Under Pressure

Thomas, Ralph W.; Schuette, H. A.

doi:10.1021/ja01357a043

Cited by 30 publications

(18 citation statements)

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“…Thomas and Schuette used HCl as the catalyst to produce LA from various carbohydrates in 1931 [66]. Carlson's 1962 patent states that HCl is the most preferable catalyst for converting various carbohydrate-containing materials like wood tailings to LA owing to two factors: first, HCl can be recovered and recycled easily, and second, LA can be separated using simple vacuum distillation [67].…”

Section: Liquid Catalystsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review: Sustainable production of hydroxymethylfurfural and levulinic acid: Challenges and opportunities

Mukherjee

Dumont

Raghavan

2015

Biomass and Bioenergy

461

330

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Section: Liquid Catalystsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review: Sustainable production of hydroxymethylfurfural and levulinic acid: Challenges and opportunities

Mukherjee

Dumont

Raghavan

2015

Biomass and Bioenergy

461

330

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“…In particular, HCl has been used to produce LA for decades. Thomas and Schuette used HCl as catalyst to produce LA from various carbohydrates already in 1931 [64]. In 1962 Carlson's patent states that HCl is the most preferable catalyst for converting various carbohydrates to LA because it can be easily recovered and recycled and, in addition, LA can be separated using simple vacuum distillation [65].…”

Section: Homogeneous Mineral Acids and Salts In Watermentioning

confidence: 99%

New Frontiers in the Catalytic Synthesis of Levulinic Acid: From Sugars to Raw and Waste Biomass as Starting Feedstock

et al. 2016

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Levulinic acid (LA) is one of the top bio-based platform molecules that can be converted into many valuable chemicals. It can be produced by acid catalysis from renewable resources, such as sugars, lignocellulosic biomass and waste materials, attractive candidates due to their abundance and environmentally benign nature. The LA transition from niche product to mass-produced chemical, however, requires its production from sustainable biomass feedstocks at low costs, adopting environment-friendly techniques. This review is an up-to-date discussion of the literature on the several catalytic systems that have been developed to produce LA from the different substrates. Special attention has been paid to the recent advancements on starting materials, moving from simple sugars to raw and waste biomasses. This aspect is of paramount importance from a sustainability point of view, transforming wastes needing to be disposed into starting materials for value-added products. This review also discusses the strategies to exploit the solid residues always obtained in the LA production processes, in order to attain a circular economy approach.

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“…This attribute makes levulinic acid especially attractive because a variety of inexpensive lignocellulosic feeds can be used for the direct production of this thermodynamically stable molecule. Thus, cane sugar (77), corn starch (78,79), rice straw (80), pulp slurry (81), woods (82, 83), newspapers (84), cellulose (85), and sugars (86,87) in mixtures with mineral acids, such as HCl (78), HBr (85), and H 2 SO 4 (86,88,89), or solid acids (87,90), have been used to produce levulinic acid. The dehydration of C 6 sugars by acids generates levulinic acid with a maximum yield of 64.5% by weight because it is coproduced with equimolar amounts of formic acid (76).…”

Section: An Important Biomass-derived Feedstockmentioning

confidence: 99%

Catalytic Conversion of Renewable Biomass Resources to Fuels and Chemicals

Serrano‐Ruiz

West

Dumesic

2010

Annu. Rev. Chem. Biomol. Eng.

330

208

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Lignocellulosic biomass is renewable and cheap, and it has the potential to displace fossil fuels in the production of fuels and chemicals. Biomass-derived carboxylic acids are important compounds that can be used as platform molecules for the production of a variety of important chemicals on a large scale. Lactic acid, a prototypical biomass derivative, and levulinic acid, an important chemical feedstock produced by hydrolysis of waste cellulosic materials, can be upgraded using bifunctional catalysts (those containing metal and acid sites), which allows the integration of several transformations (e.g., oxygen removal and C-C coupling) in a single catalyst bed. This coupling between active sites is beneficial in that it reduces the complexity and cost of the biomass conversion processes. Deoxygenation of biomass derivatives is a requisite step for the production of fuels and chemicals, and strategies are proposed to minimize the consumption of hydrogen from an external source during this process.

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Studies on Levulinic Acid. I. Its Preparation From Carbohydrates by Digestion With Hydrochloric Acid Under Pressure

Abstract: of the decomposition being the yellow, crystalline compounds dehydrorotenone and rotenonone.3. Similar changes are undergone by dihydrorotenone and isorotenone in pyridine solution, analogous compounds no doubt being formed.4. Dry, crystalline rotenone undergoes no change on long standing.

Cited by 30 publications

References 0 publications

Review: Sustainable production of hydroxymethylfurfural and levulinic acid: Challenges and opportunities

Review: Sustainable production of hydroxymethylfurfural and levulinic acid: Challenges and opportunities

New Frontiers in the Catalytic Synthesis of Levulinic Acid: From Sugars to Raw and Waste Biomass as Starting Feedstock

Catalytic Conversion of Renewable Biomass Resources to Fuels and Chemicals

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