Studies on lethal concentrations and toxicity stress of some xenobiotics on aquatic organisms

Farah, Mohammad Abul; Ateeq, Bushra; Ali, M. Niamat; Sabir, Rubina; Ahmad, Waseem

doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2003.10.063

Cited by 114 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Previous studies reported 96h LC 50 of 5.1-35mg/L for Cyprinus carpio (Vardia and Durve, 1981), 15-45mg/L for Geophagus brasiliensis (Barbieri, 2008), 50-80mg/L for Clarias batrachus, Channa punctatus and Heteropneustes fossilis (Farah et al, 2004). These values are above the 96h LC 50 of 1.12mg/L observed in this study, which clearly shows that…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 72%

Behavioural, Haematological and Histopathological Changes in the African Catfish, <i>Clarias gariepinus</i> Exposed to 2,4- Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid (2,4-D)

Okogwu¹,

Anionwo²,

Anoke³

et al. 2016

Nig. J. Biotechnol

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The herbicide, 2,4-D is commonly used to control broad leaf weeds in agriculture and to eliminate aquatic weeds. Run-offs to floodplains that serve as breeding sites of some fish species such as Clarias gariepinus is common. This study was undertaken to evaluate the effects of 2,4-D on the behaviour, haematology and histology of the African catfish, C. gariepinus, in order to understand its toxicity. Juvenile catfish weighing 10.03±14.1g were exposed to lethal concentrations and subsequently three sublethal concentrations (0.43, 0.58 and 0.72mg/L) of 2,4-D. The behaviour of the fish was observed during exposure and after 96h, the blood and tissues from the liver, kidney, fin, brain and gills were collected and analyzed. The result showed that exposed fish displayed signs of asphyxiation. The packed cell volume (PCV), red blood cell (RBC) and haemoglobin (Hb) significantly decreased by 17-40% while white blood cell (WBC) increased significantly (p<0.05) by 78-137% in a concentration dependent pattern. Histopathological analysis showed extensive damage to the liver, kidney, fin, brain and gills of the fish exposed to sublethal concentration, which suggests that 2,4-D causes deleterious harm to hepatocytes and renal, neural, fin and gill cells. Damage to the gill filaments could impair oxygen uptake resulting in asphyxia and consequently death over a period. The study clearly shows that C. gariepinus is highly susceptible to the toxicity of 2,4-D, therefore the use of this herbicide in rice paddies near the breeding sites of the fish should be discouraged.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 72%

Behavioural, Haematological and Histopathological Changes in the African Catfish, <i>Clarias gariepinus</i> Exposed to 2,4- Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid (2,4-D)

Okogwu¹,

Anionwo²,

Anoke³

et al. 2016

Nig. J. Biotechnol

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“…Several studies show that toxic agents may affect behavioral parameters (Abdul Farah et al, 2004;Lefebvre et al, 2004;Nakayama et al, 2004;Yilmaz et al, 2004;Sloman et al, 2003). Behavioral changes are good indicators of damage to the central nervous system, as a consequence of exposure to toxic agents (Sloman et al, 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oxidative stress biomarkers and aggressive behavior in fish exposed to aquatic cadmium contamination

et al. 2009

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The objective of this study was to investigate the possible link between cadmium exposure, hepatic markers of oxidative stress and aggressive behavior in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Fish were first exposed to 0.75 mg/L CdCl 2 for 15 days (12 isolated fish for each group) and afterward a behavioral test was performed. Fish from the control and cadmium-exposed groups were paired for 1 h (6 pairs of fish per group) for determination of aggressiveness parameters. Immediately after the behavioral test, the animals were sacrificed and the liver was used to determine biochemical parameters. Cadmium decreased aggression in Nile tilapia. Subordinate animals exposed to cadmium showed decreased glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity compared to dominant ones. No alterations were observed in selenium-dependent glutathione peroxidase Se-GSH-P and Cu-Zn superoxide dismutase activities, but total superoxide dismutase activity was increased in subordinate animals exposed to cadmium compared to subordinate control. Catalase activity was increased in cadmium-exposed fish. Lipoperoxide concentrations also increased in cadmium exposed fish indicating that cadmium toxicity may affect oxidative stress biomarkers in Nile tilapia. Social stress induced lipoperoxidation in Nile tilapia, and subordinate animals exposed to cadmium responded with lower activities of liver antioxidant enzymes compared to dominant fish. The present study shows that cadmium exposure is capable of inducing changes in the social status and oxidative stress parameters in this species.O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar a possível relação entre a exposição ao cádmio, os marcadores hepáticos de estresse oxidativo e o comportamento agressivo em tilápia do Nilo (Oreochromis niloticus). Os peixes foram primeiramente expostos à concentração de 0,75 mg/L de CdCl 2 durante 15 dias (12 peixes isolados em cada grupo), após o qual o teste de comportamento foi aplicado. Peixes do grupo controle e do grupo exposto ao cádmio foram pareados durante 1 hora (6 pares de peixes por grupo) para determinação de parâmetros de agressividade. Imediatamente após o teste comportamental, os animais foram sacrificados e o fígado foi coletado para as determinações bioquímicas. O cádmio diminuiu a agressão em tilápias do Nilo. Animais subordinados e expostos ao cádmio mostraram uma redução na atividade da enzima glutationa peroxidase (GSH-Px), quando comparados aos dominantes. Nenhuma alteração foi observada na atividade da glutationa peroxidase dependente de selênio (Se-GSH-P) e na superóxido dismutase Cu Zn, mas a atividade total da superóxido dismutase aumentou em animais subordinados e expostos ao cádmio, quando comparado ao controle subordinado. A atividade da catalase aumentou em peixes expostos ao cádmio. As concentrações de lipoperóxido aumentaram em peixes expostos ao cádmio, indicando que a toxicidade deste pode afetar os biomarcadores de estresse oxidativo em tilápias do Nilo. O estresse social induziu lipoperoxidação em tilápia do Nilo e animais subordinados e expo...

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“…In recent years, the intensive use of herbicides has increased environmental concern, partly because of the adverse effects of these chemicals on soil and aquatic microorganisms (Farah et al, 2004). One of the most commonly employed agrochemicals is glyphosate (Fig.…”

Section: Glyphosate Contaminationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Eletrochemical Oxidation of Herbicides

Neto¹,

Andrade²

2011

Herbicides, Theory and Applications

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Studies on lethal concentrations and toxicity stress of some xenobiotics on aquatic organisms

Cited by 114 publications

References 21 publications

Behavioural, Haematological and Histopathological Changes in the African Catfish, <i>Clarias gariepinus</i> Exposed to 2,4- Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid (2,4-D)

Behavioural, Haematological and Histopathological Changes in the African Catfish, <i>Clarias gariepinus</i> Exposed to 2,4- Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid (2,4-D)

Oxidative stress biomarkers and aggressive behavior in fish exposed to aquatic cadmium contamination

Eletrochemical Oxidation of Herbicides

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