Studies on growth performance and health status when substituting fish meal by a mixture of oil seeds meal in diets of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) and grey mullet (Mugil cephalus)

Abstract

This study was designed to determine the maximum replacing levels of Fish Meal protein (FM) by a mixture of oil seeds mealprotein (OSM) in five ration for Nile tilapia and Grey mullet. The OSM consisted of cottonseed, sunflower, canola and linseed meals. FM in the basal diet was replaced by OSM in the ration at replacing levels of (control) 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100%. A total number of 60 fingerlings; 40 of Oreochromis niloticus monosex and 20Mugil cephalus per hapa (3*8*1 m-2.5/m 3 ) were randomly distributed into five treatments, each in two replicates. After 6 months of feeding, replacement of 50% of FM by OSM for Nile tilapia and 25% for grey mullet did not significantly affected Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR) and Protein Efficiency Ratio (PER), Crude Protein (CP) and Ether Extract (EE), while the highest replacing levels (75 or 100%) significantly (P<0.05) reduced these parameters. Growth parameters were relatively parallel to those of FCR and PER whereas, replacement up to 50% exhibited Body Weight (BW), Body Length (BL), Weight Gain (WG) and Specific Growth Rate (SGR) not differing significantly (P<0.05) from the fish fed control diet. Compared to control, increasing OSM in the ration significantly reduced Hemoglobin, Hematocrit and the activity of Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT) and Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST). The incorporation of OSM in ration did not significantly affect whole-body Dry Matter (DM) and Crude Protein (CP).Based on results obtained in this study and on the economical evaluation, it could be concluded that, replacement of FM by OSM up to 50% in tilapia ration but 25% in mullet ration reduced feed costs/kg diet.

Sustainable Aquafeed with Marine Periphyton to Reduce Production Costs of Grey Mullet, Mugil cephalus

“…That being said, the FIFO ratios obtained for the 24% FM (4.1) and the 16% FM (2.8) diets in the current study are comparable to the FIFO ratios in diets with other substitutes for FM, such as soymeal (2.98), torula yeast (2.90), or Ulva (3.6) [28,48]. Among the reported diets, using oil seed meal protein resulted in the lowest FIFO ratio of 1.15 to 0.35 [53].…”

“…Those experiments revealed an SGR between 2.1% and 3% d −1 and an FCR between 1.5 and 2.5 (2-4 times faster growth and a 1.5-2.5 times more efficient feed conversion to biomass). Such differences may be attributed to the different feeding regimes established in these studies, such as the higher feeding ratio of 10% of BW (2.5 times more feed than in the current study) [2] and the presence of additional natural feeds in the culture ponds [28,53]. In diets with a high-plant content, the fermentation of the plant ingredients before their integration into the aquafeed improves the digestibility of the feed's macronutrients and, consequently, the fish growth.…”

Solid-State Hydrolysis (SSH) Improves the Nutritional Value of Plant Ingredients in the Diet of Mugil cephalus

“…Related to the first point, despite the values of FCR and SGR obtained with diets EXP being not directly comparable to those obtained with diet COM (as both types of diets were differently formulated and contained quite different ingredients in terms of acceptance, digestibility and nutritional value), it was clear that the use of the EXP diet impaired the growth of the fish. Similarly, El-Gendy et al [24] reported a clear reduction in FCR and SGR when feeding juveniles of M. cephalus with diets prepared with increasing amounts of plant ingredients (from 20 to 100%), in that case including a significant proportion of cereal bran. Certainly, a different selection of plant ingredients with a higher nutritional value should have produced much better results; in this way, Gisbert et al [8] reported good results in terms of SGR, digestive physiology and fish condition when feeding small (0.2 g) juveniles of M. cephalus on feeds including a blend of corn and wheat gluten and soy protein concentrate, supplemented with crystalline L-lysine and DL-methionine.…”

Efficacy of using sunflower meal as an ingredient, and partial fishmeal‐replacer, in practical feed formulated for stinging catfish (Heteropneustes fossilis)

“…This was further confirmed by the reduced protein utilization efficiency and higher FCR of the experimental diet in the present study at a high inclusion level of SFM. Some plant protein sources such as SFM contain phosphorus phytate (77% of the total phosphorus), which binds phosphorus, reduces palatability, and interferes with the bioavailability of divalent trace elements (El‐Gendy et al., 2016; Senkoylu & Dale, 1999). In our experiment, these could also be the reasons behind the higher FCR and lower PER values when the SFM level was increased in the experimental diet.…”

“…Jimoh (2020) conducted an experiment with C. gariepinus and recorded a higher level of WBC in a higher inclusion level of sunflower seed meal. Compared to the control group, the WBC level increased proportionally with increasing substituting levels of oil seed meal (El‐Gendy et al., 2016). Rahmdel et al.…”