Studies on Gall Bladder Function

Riegel, Cecilia; Johnston, Charles G.; Ravdin, I. S.

doi:10.1084/jem.56.1.1

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…This belief evolved from experiments with dogs (4, 5), in which absorption of these organic compounds was determined from their net disappearance from the gall bladder, assayed colorimetrically. Since these techniques were limited in sensitivity and accuracy, some absorption of these compounds may have occurred and yet not have been detected.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Absorption of Bile Pigments by the Gall Bladder*

Ostrow¹

1967

J. Clin. Invest.

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Abstract. A technique is described for preparation in the guinea pig of an in situ, isolated, vascularized gall bladder that exhibits normal absorptive functions. Absorption of labeled bile pigments from the gall bladder was determined by the subsequent excretion of radioactivity in hepatic bile.Over a wide range of concentrations, unconjugated bilirubin-14C was well absorbed, whereas transfer of conjugated bilirubin proceeded slowly. Mesobilirubinogen-8H was absorbed poorly from whole bile, but was absorbed as rapidly as unconjugated bilirubin from a solution of pure conjugated bile salt.Bilirubin absorption was not impaired by iodoacetamide, 1.5 mm, or dinitrophenol, 1.0 mm, even though water transport was affected. This indicated that absorption of bilirubin was not dependent upon water transport, nor upon energy-dependent processes. The linear relationship between absorption and concentration of pigment at low concentrations in bile salt solutions suggested that pigment was transferred by passive diffusion. At higher pigment concentrations or in whole bile, this simple relationship was modified by interactions of pigment with bile salts and other constituents of bile. These interactions did not necessarily involve binding of bilirubin in micelles.The slow absorption of the more polar conjugates and photo-oxidative derivatives of bilirubin suggested that bilirubin was absorbed principally by nonionic, and partially, by ionic diffusion.Concentrations of pure conjugated bile salts above 3.5 mm were found to be injurious to the gall bladder mucosa. This mucosal injury did not affect the kinetics of bilirubin absorption.During in vitro incubation of bile at 370C, decay of bilirubin and hydrolysis of the conjugate proceeded as first-order reactions. The effects of these processes on the kinetics of bilirubin absorption, and their possible role in the formation of "white bile" and in the demonstrated appearance of unconjugated bilirubin in hepatic bile, are discussed.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Absorption of Bile Pigments by the Gall Bladder*

Ostrow¹

1967

J. Clin. Invest.

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“…The gallbladder selectively absorbs water and electrolytes from hepatic bile (1)(2)(3). This concentrating mechanism has been studied extensively in various animal preparations (4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fluid Transfer in the Everted Human Gallbladder *

Onstad¹,

Schoenfield²,

Higgins³

1967

J. Clin. Invest.

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“…The same was true of bile pigment. When, however, the gallbladder was infected the total amount of cholesterol increased, while the total amount of bile pigment decreased (5).…”

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confidence: 95%

Studies on Gallbladder Function. Ix. The Anion-Cation Content of Bile From the Normal and Infected Gallbladder

Johnston¹,

Ravdin²,

Riegel³

et al. 1933

J. Clin. Invest.

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In an earlier paper (1) we discussed the anion-cation concentration of normal hepatic bile when subjected to the activity of the dog's normal gallbladder. Under these conditions the chloride and bicarbonate concentrations and the pH of hepatic bile decrease, while the base, bile salt and calcium concentrations increase. In every instance fluid is absorbed. In a very limited number of observations we have found the depression of the freezing point of hepatic and gallbladder bile approximately the same, although the total anion-cation concentration was increased considerably in the latter.As a prelude to the anion-cation studies we had studied the effect of gallbladder activity on certain of the individual constituents of hepatic bile when placed in the normal bile-free gallbladder of the unanaesthetized dog (2) (3) (4). It was observed that when the gallbladder became infected the activity of the membrane on the constituents studied was altered considerably. In such instances, water was only slowly absorbed; or, in the more severely damaged organ, fluid actually poured into its lumen, the latter action being a complete reversal of the normal mechanism. Under these circumstances chloride and bicarbonate entered the gallbladder lumen with the inflowing fluid, the chloride concentration of the secreted fluid being about plasma level while the total CO2 concentration was often several times the normal plasma level. Calcium, introduced as calcium lactate, was precipitated, partly in the gallbladder lumen, and partly in the gallbladder wall. Cholesterol in either a colloidal suspension, or in hepatic bile, increased in concentration, but not in total amount when placed in the normal gallbladder. The same was true of bile pigment. When, however, the gallbladder was infected the total amount of cholesterol increased, while the total amount of bile pigment decreased (5).These isolated observations made at a time when we were chiefly concerned with normal function convinced us that a study of the anioncation changes in hepatic bile subjected to the activity of an abnormal 1 Harriet M. Frazier Fellow in Research Surgery. 67

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Studies on Gall Bladder Function

Cited by 8 publications

References 7 publications

Absorption of Bile Pigments by the Gall Bladder*

Absorption of Bile Pigments by the Gall Bladder*

Fluid Transfer in the Everted Human Gallbladder *

Studies on Gallbladder Function. Ix. The Anion-Cation Content of Bile From the Normal and Infected Gallbladder

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