Studies on Fibrin Formation and Effects of Dextran

Muzaffar, T. Z; Youngson, G. G; Bryce, W. A.; Dhall, D.P.

doi:10.1055/s-0038-1649061

Cited by 25 publications

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“…The initial fibrin polymerization time was apparently unaffected by dilution or diluent, though later stages of coagulation were abnormal as assessed by TEG‐like testing. Changes in the turbidity of plasma correspond to changes in fibrin diameter,19 indicating fibrin polymerization. Neither this polymerization time, nor the time for significant torque to be generated by the clot in the TEG test were substantially altered, though dilution with 50%PBS tended to increase this time compared to blood alone.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biomechanical properties of mixtures of blood and synovial fluid

McCarty

Luan

Siddiqui

et al. 2010

Journal Orthopaedic Research

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Synovial fluid (SF) is a viscous ultrafiltrate of plasma that lubricates articulating joint motion. During acute trauma and certain cartilage repair procedures, blood is introduced into the joint and mixes with variable amounts of SF. The hypothesis of this study was that the dilution of blood with SF alters the rheological properties of the blood and the mechanical properties of the clot formed. The objectives were to determine the composition (solid fraction, protein content), coagulation (fibrin polymerization time, torsional strength), and mechanical (stiffness, permeability) properties of mixtures of blood with 10% or 50%SF. While the initial stages of coagulation of blood were not markedly affected by the presence of the SF, dilution with SF altered the coagulation torque profile over time, decreased the final clot structure mechanical stiffness (42-90% decrease), and increased the fluid permeability of the clots (41-to 468-fold). Compared to diluting blood with PBS, SF had a smaller effect on the mechanical properties of the clot, possibly due to the presence of high molecular weight hyaluronan. These properties of blood/SF mixtures may facilitate an understanding of the repair environment in the joint and of mechanisms of cartilage repair. © 2010 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Orthop. Res. 29: 240-246, 2011 Keywords: blood rheology; synovial fluid; hemarthrosis; TEG; cartilage repair Synovial fluid (SF) is a viscous ultrafiltrate of plasma that lubricates articulating joint motion. SF contains several lubricant molecules, including high molecular weight hyaluronan (HA, ∼2-10 MDa, ∼1-4 mg/mL) [1][2][3] and proteoglycan 4 (PRG4, also called lubricin or SZP, ∼0.05-0.5 mg/mL).4 Articular cartilage, lubricated by SF, normally provides a low-friction, low-wear, loadbearing surface on the ends of bones, in part through the ability of cartilage to facilitate fluid pressurization during load bearing. 5 Focal defects in cartilage due to trauma, and less localized degradation common in osteoarthritis (OA), increase the local strain in cartilage near the defects, 6 while deficiencies in lubricating molecules increase the friction generated between cartilage surfaces during boundary lubrication. 7,8 During acute trauma, advanced stage OA, and bone marrow stimulation cartilage repair procedures, blood is introduced into the joint and mixes with variable amounts of SF, creating the conditions in the joint when repair is initiated. Hemarthosis, or bleeding into the joint, can occur during traumatic events, such as intra-articular fracture and ACL rupture, as well as in advanced OA. Although evidence exists that hemarthrosis may lead to cartilage erosion 9 and decreased matrix synthesis, 10 certain cartilage repair procedures used to treat focal defects, such as microfracture, 11 encourage hemarthrosis through subchondral penetrations as a source of hematopoietic stem cells for repair. Whole blood entering the intra-articular space mixes with SF, or is diluted with sal...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biomechanical properties of mixtures of blood and synovial fluid

McCarty

Luan

Siddiqui

et al. 2010

Journal Orthopaedic Research

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“…Dextran is known to alter the fibrin structure and make it more susceptible to plasmin digestion [15,16,25]. The fibrin net formed in the presence of dextran is coarse.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of Dextran to Prevent Intraperitoneal Adhesions Caused by Maize Starch Powder

Reikerås¹,

Nordstrand²

1985

Eur Surg Res

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“…For the same molecular weight of dextran sulphate, the higher the intramolecular sulphur content, the stronger the thrombin inhibitory activity. Muzaffar et al (1972) reported that dextran alone binds and precipitates fibrinogen, and it also shortens the thrombin clotting time. Considering their results, we think that there are two possibilities for the inhibitory effect of dextran sulphate on fibrinogen clotting: (1) negatively charged sulphur groups of dextran sulphate bind to the basic amino acid residues, for example, arginine or lysine, of fibrinogen to produce steric hindrance against thrombin, or…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of dextran sulphates on thrombin activity.

Suzuki¹,

Hashimoto²

1979

J Clin Pathol

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SUMMARY To clarify the action of dextran sulphate, a heparin analogue, in the clotting of fibrinogen by thrombin, determinations were carried out on the clotting activity, the release of fibrinopeptides from fibrinogen, and the hydrolytic activity of thrombin against a peptide chromogenic substrate in the absence or presence of antithrombin III (heparin cofactor). It was shown that dextran sulphate itself inhibited thrombin activity, and its inhibition was dependent on the molecular weight and the sulphur content of the dextran sulphate. Although heparin markedly enhanced the antithrombin activity of antithrombin HII, dextran sulphate did not activate antithrombin MI.Heparin is composed of amino sugar and uronic acid residues, and its molecular weight is roughly 10000-20000 (Jeanloz, 1975). As its synthesis has not yet been completely successful, a structural analogue of heparin (heparinoid), dextran sulphate, which is a synthetic dextrose polymer, has been investigated for its various biological and pharmacological actions. So far several influences of dextran sulphate on coagulation and the fibrinolytic system, along with its lipolytic, anticholesterolaemic, and antihyaluronidase activities, have been reported (Douglas, 1956;Yamada and Kuzuya, 1962). Of these actions, the anticoagulant activity is the most significant, but its mechanism seems to be very complicated and remains unclear.The present study was designed to clarify the anticoagulant mechanism of dextran sulphate on the fibrinogen-fibrin conversion process, fibrinopeptide release from fibrinogen by thrombin, and the hydrolytic activity of thrombin against a peptide chromogenic substrate in the absence or presence of antithrombin III. The relationships between molecular weight or sulphur content and the anticoagulant activity of dextran sulphate were also investigated. Material and methodsA 01M NaCl-0 05M Tris-HCI buffer (pH 7 5) was used throughout.Fibrinogen (97-98 % clottability) was purified from human plasma by the method of Blomback and Blomback, (1956 (1975) using barium sulphate adsorption, defibrination by heat, adsorption by aluminium hydroxide, fractionation with ammonium sulphate, gel filtration on Sephadex G-200 (Pharmacia Chem., Uppsala, Sweden), and chromatography of DEAEcellulose (Serva, Seikagaku Kogyo, Tokyo, Japan). The antithrombin III prepared by this method was concentrated 300-fold over plasma and showed essentially a single band on SDS-gel electrophoresis. This antithrombin III was dialysed against the Tris-HC1 buffer and then stored at -70°C until used.Quantitative determination of antithrombin III was carried out with immunodiffusion plates (M-Partigen, Behring Inst, West Germany) (Fahey and Mckelvey, 1965;Mancini et al., 1965).Solutions of sodium dextran sulphate (Kowa Pharm., Tokyo, Japan) of molecular weight (MW) 3500 (sulphur content; SY% = 5 3 or 18-0), MW 7500 (S% = 5 8 or 18-1), MW 10 000 (S% = 17-9), MW 50 000 (S% = 19-3), and MW 200 000 (S% = 19-0) were made at the specified concentrations in the TrisHCl buff...

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Studies on Fibrin Formation and Effects of Dextran

Cited by 25 publications

References 0 publications

Biomechanical properties of mixtures of blood and synovial fluid

Biomechanical properties of mixtures of blood and synovial fluid

Use of Dextran to Prevent Intraperitoneal Adhesions Caused by Maize Starch Powder

Effect of dextran sulphates on thrombin activity.

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