Studies on Emmonsiella Capsulata (Histoplasma Capsulatum): Ii. Distribution of the Two Mating Types in 13 Endemic States of the United States

Kwon‐Chung, Kyung J.; Weeks, Robert J.; Larsh, Howard W.

doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a121583

Cited by 82 publications

(53 citation statements)

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“…The high fertility rate obtained using A. benhamiae isolates with a white phenotype suggests that genetic exchanges could occur in nature. An unequal prevalence of the two opposite mating types has also been observed in other pathogenic fungal species such as Cryptococcus neoformans (Idnurm et al, 2005), Cryptococcus gattii and Histoplasma capsulatum (Kwon-Chung et al, 1974). The prevalence of one mating type may be due to differences in their pathogenicity (Rippon & Garber, 1969).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

The dermatophyte species Arthroderma benhamiae: intraspecies variability and mating behaviour

Symoens

Jousson

Packeu

et al. 2013

Journal of Medical Microbiology

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Arthroderma benhamiae is a zoophilic dermatophyte belonging to the Trichophyton mentagrophytes species complex. Here, a population of A. benhamiae wild strains from the same geographical area (Switzerland) was studied by comparing their morphology, assessing their molecular variability using internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and 28S rRNA gene sequencing, and evaluating their interfertility. Sequencing of the ITS region and of part of the 28S rRNA gene revealed the existence of two infraspecific groups with markedly different colony phenotypes: white (group I) and yellow (group II), respectively. For all strains, the results of mating type identification by PCR, using HMG (high-mobility group) and a-box genes in the mating type locus as targets, were in total accordance with the results of mating type identification by strain confrontation experiments. White-phenotype strains were of mating type + (mt+) or mating type " (mt"), whilst yellow-phenotype strains were all mt". White and yellow strains were found to produce fertile cleistothecia after mating with A. benhamiae reference tester strains, which belonged to a third group intermediate between groups I and II. However, no interfertility was observed between yellow strains and white strains of mt+. A significant result was that white strains of mt" were able to mate and produce fertile cleistothecia with the white A. benhamiae strain CBS 112371 (mt+), the genome of which has recently been sequenced and annotated. This finding should offer new tools for investigating the biology and genetics of dermatophytes using wild-type strains.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

The dermatophyte species Arthroderma benhamiae: intraspecies variability and mating behaviour

Symoens

Jousson

Packeu

et al. 2013

Journal of Medical Microbiology

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“…Both mating types of Histoplasma capsulatum (1 and ÿ) are found in environmental soil samples in an equal ratio yet the vast majority of clinical isolates possess the ÿ mating type (KwonChung 1973;Kwon-Chung et al 1974). Similar to some of the C. neoformans congenic strains, no difference in virulence was observed between H. capsulatum 1 and ÿ mating types in murine infection experiments, but this issue has not yet been examined rigorously with congenic strains (Kwon-Chung 1981).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interaction Between Genetic Background and the Mating-Type Locus in Cryptococcus neoformans Virulence Potential

Nielsen

Marra²,

Hagen

et al. 2005

Genetics

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The study of quantitative traits provides a window on the interactions between multiple unlinked genetic loci. The interaction between hosts and pathogenic microbes, such as fungi, involves aspects of quantitative genetics for both partners in this dynamic equilibrium. One important pathogenic fungus is Cryptococcus neoformans, a basidiomycete yeast that can infect the human brain and whose mating system has two mating type alleles, a and a. The a mating-type allele has previously been linked to increased virulence potential. Here congenic C. neoformans strains were generated in the two well-characterized genetic backgrounds B3501a and NIH433a to examine the potential influence of genes outside of the mating-type locus on the virulence potential of mating type. The congenic nature of these new strain pairs was established by karyotyping, amplified fragment length polymorphism genotyping, and whole-genome molecular allele mapping (congenicity mapping). Virulence studies revealed that virulence was equivalent between the B3501 a and a congenic strains but the a strain was more virulent than its a counterpart in the NIH433 genetic background. These results demonstrate that genomic regions outside the mating type locus contribute to differences in virulence between a and a cells. The congenic strains described here provide a foundation upon which to elucidate at genetic and molecular levels how mating-type and other unlinked loci interact to enable microbial pathogenesis.

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“…Sex may be difficult to induce in the laboratory (e.g., Candida albicans (Miller and Johnson 2002;Soll et al 2003)). Sexual fungi may posess an unbalanced distribution of mating types (e.g., Histoplasma capsulatum (Kwon-Chung et al 1974, 1984 and Cryptococcus neoformans (Lengeler et al 2000)). In contrast to both MSR and BSR, phylogenetic species recognition (PSR) using nucleic acid variation can be used to describe species of phenotypically uniform, apparently asexual and even uncultivatable fungal lineages .…”

Section: Species Recognitionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cryptic Speciation in the Cosmopolitan and Clonal Human Pathogenic Fungus Aspergillus Fumigatus

et al. 2005

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Abstract. Microbes and other organisms smaller than one to a few millimeters in size are hypothesized to have global populations, in contrast to the geographically restricted ranges of larger organisms. However, fungi, which routinely have reproductive propagules no larger than 10 micrometers, challenge the generality of this hypothesis because recent studies have shown that globally distributed morphological species embrace two or more geographically restricted phylogenetic species. We used the concordance of gene genealogies to recognize phylogenetic species in the globally distributed opportunistic human pathogenic fungus, Aspergillus fumigatus. Based on DNA sequence data of five loci for each of 63 individuals collected from five continents, we have delineated two phylogenetic species in this single morphological species. Unlike all other fungi examined to date, both genetically isolated groups showed a global distribution with no evidence of a correlation between genotype and geographic location. Sexual reproduction has never been observed in A. fumigatus, but when the same data were used to explore the association of alleles at the five loci for one of the phylogenetic species, evidence was found to support recombination. The discovery of a cryptic species is medically relevant because different species are likely to differ in virulence or drug resistance. The discovery of a globally distributed A. fumigatus species clade highlights the need for ecological studies of the fungus to either document global dispersal or propose alternative mechanisms by which it persists as single, global phylogenetic population.

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Studies on Emmonsiella Capsulata (Histoplasma Capsulatum): Ii. Distribution of the Two Mating Types in 13 Endemic States of the United States

Cited by 82 publications

References 0 publications

The dermatophyte species Arthroderma benhamiae: intraspecies variability and mating behaviour

The dermatophyte species Arthroderma benhamiae: intraspecies variability and mating behaviour

Interaction Between Genetic Background and the Mating-Type Locus in Cryptococcus neoformans Virulence Potential

Cryptic Speciation in the Cosmopolitan and Clonal Human Pathogenic Fungus Aspergillus Fumigatus

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