Studies on dodecyl betainate in combination with its degradation products or with phosphatidyl choline–phase behavior and hemolytic activity

Surfactants Containing Hydrolyzable Bonds

“…In consistence with the findings about CMC:s of surfactants containing normal ester bonds (see above) it has been found that the CMC for a betaine ester with a hydrocarbon chain of n carbons is very close to the value for an alkyltrimethylammonium chloride surfactant with a hydrocarbon chain of n + 2 carbons [32]. The binary phase diagram of dodecyl betainate-water has an appearance very similar to that of an alkyltrimethylammonium surfactant with a hydrophobic tail of a similar size [30].…”

“…This repulsion is relieved by attack of a hydroxide ion, but augmented by protonation. Most work on surface active betaine esters have been performed on substances made from saturated long-chain alcohols [20,[27][28][29][30][32][33][34]. These compounds can be prepared by the simple two-step synthesis route shown in Fig.…”

“…Surface active betaine esters have been evaluated as temporary bactericides [34] and have been studied as potential candidates for use as pharmaceutical excipients (pharmaceutical helper molecules) [30].…”

Physicochemical Properties of Novel Phosphobetaine Zwitterionic Surfactants and Mixed Systems with an Anionic Surfactant

“…The physicochemical properties of betaines can be tailored by modification with long hydrocarbon chains and other anionic groups, such as sulfate, sulfonate, carboxylate, and phosphate [6][7][8][9]. Phosphobetaine is a promising zwitterionic surfactant which has a similar structure with phosphoglyceride in the membrane.…”

Penetration behaviour of alkylbetainate chlorides into lipid monolayers

“…Recently, a review of the synthesis methods and the potential applications of glycine betaine derivatives has been published [3]. Several surfactants including esters (alkylbetainates) are based on this molecule [4][5][6][7][8][9]. These compounds are generally referred to as "mild to the skin" [10,11] and are used as additives to other surfactants to improve their dermatological properties (e.g., betaines decrease the skin irritation of anionic compounds).…”