Studies on Dirofilaria immitis Leidy, with Special Reference to the Susceptibility of Some Minnesota Species of Mosquitoes to the Infection

Potential Vectors of Dirofilaria immitis (Leidy, 1856) in Itacoatiara, Oceanic Region of Niterói Municipality, State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

“…Although more than 60 mosquito species have been identified as potential vectors of D. immitis worldwide (Ludlam et al 1970), their vectorial capacity varies (Sauerman 1980). In the Americas, mosquito species belonging to the subgenus Ochlerotatus of Aedes are considered the best vectors of heartworm (Yen 1938, Kershaw et al 1953, Ludlam et al 1970, Christensen 1977, Arnott & Edman 1978, Buxton & Mullen 1980, Walters & Lavoipierre 1982, Sauerman & Nayar 1983, Ernst & Slocombe 1984, Hribar & Gerhardt 1985, Roberts et al 1985, Johnson & Harrell 1986, Parker 1986, 1993, Scoles et al 1993, Loftin et al 1995. In Brazil, there are two reports: one under experimental conditions with Ae.…”

Biology of Dirofilaria immitis (Leidy, 1850) (Nematoda: Onchocercidae) and Aedes trivittatus (Coquillett, 1902) (Diptera: Culicidae) in Central Iowa

“…Noe, as cited by Lavoipierre (1958), first described the histo logical damage occurring in mosquitoes infected with D. iimnitls, and his observations have been confirmed by later workers (Yen 1938;Taylor 1960 Verification that this damage is detrimental to the mosquito has most often been shown in mortality studies. Increased mortality due to D. immiric Infectlon has been reported in controlled studies of several mosquito species; aegypti by Kershaw et al (1953), polynesiensls by Rosen (1954), sollicltans by Beam (1966), and quadrimaculatus by Kartman (1953a) and Kutz and Dobson (1974).…”

“…Although numerous reports of encapsulation or "chitinisation" of filarial juveniles by mosquito hosts have been published (Sambon 1902;Brug 1932, Yen 1938Hu 1939a,b;Highby 1943;Newton et al 1945;Kartman 1953a,b;Lavoipierre 1958;Esslinger 1962;Intermill 1973), such studies have not determined what effect, if any, this reaction has on the capability of a mosquito to function as a vector.…”

“…tarsalis accounted for more than 15% of the population collected (Table 12), and both have been reported as potential vectors of dog heartworm (Hu 1931;Kartman 1953a;Yen 1938).…”

“…Aedes aegypti X Bancroft (1901) Aedes albopictus X Inoue, as cited in Ludlam et al (1970) Aedes atropalpus X Keegan et al (1968) Aedes canadensis X X^ Hu (1931) Crans and Feldlaufer(1974) Aedes cantator X^ Crans and Feldlaufer(1974) Aedes caspius X Grass! and Noe (1900) Aedes cinereus X Yen (1938) Aedes dorsalis X Weinmann and Garcia (1974) Aedes edgari X Rosen (1954) Aedes excrucians X Phillips (1939) Aedes fijiensis X X Symes (1960) Aedes fitchii X Bemrick and Sandholm (1966) Aedes geniculatus X Roubaud and Colas-Belcour (1937) Aedes guamensis X Travis (1947) Aedes infirmatus X Summers (1943) Aedes koreicus X Feng (1930) Aedes notoscriptus X Bemrick and Moorhouse (1968) Juvenile identity questioned by the author reporting the natural infection of immitis from that mosquito species.…”