Studies on dinoflagellate cyst assemblages in two estuarine Mediterranean bays: A useful tool for the discovery and mapping of harmful algal species

Dinoflagellate cysts production in the north-western Adriatic Sea

“…al., 2000;Giannakourou et al, 2005;Satta et al, 2010Satta et al, , 2013. The highest cyst abundances have been generally recorded in secluded areas, such as harbors or bays, where the limited hydrodynamics favors the accumulation of sinking cysts within the sediments (e.g., Satta et al, 2010Satta et al, , 2013. The station sampled in the present study was located in a relatively shallow area along the coast, where surface sediments might be mixed by heavy storms and/or trawling activity (Cavaleri & Stefanon, 1980;Pranovi et al, 2000).…”

“…al., 2000;Giannakourou et al, 2005;Satta et al, 2010Satta et al, , 2013. The highest cyst abundances have been generally recorded in secluded areas, such as harbors or bays, where the limited hydrodynamics favors the accumulation of sinking cysts within the sediments (e.g., Satta et al, 2010Satta et al, , 2013.…”

Do the levels of industrial pollutants influence the distribution and abundance of dinoflagellate cysts in the recently-deposited sediment of a Mediterranean coastal ecosystem?

“…Under high levels of iron, cell Naple, Adriatic sea (Italy), Alfacs Bay (Spain) (Montresor, 1995;Bravo et al, 2006;Penna et al, 2010;Satta et al, 2013) Alexandrium minutum Halim * Paralytic shellfish toxins (Bravo et al, 2006) Harbour of Alexandria (Egypt), Catalonia, Arenys del mar (Spain); Ionian sea, Adriatic sea, Tyrrhenian sea, Olbia (Italy), Aegean Sea (Turkey) (Ismael and khadr, 2003;Anglès et al, 2010;Rubino et al, 2010;Penna et al, 2010;Aydin et al, 2011) Alexandrium catenella/tamarense (Whedon & Kofoid) Balech ** Paralytic shellfish toxins (Laabir et al, 2013) Aegean Sea (Turkey), Ionian Sea, Olbia, (Italy), Thau lagoon (France), Tarragona and Barcelona Harbours (Spain) (Bravo et al, 2006;Satta et al, 2010;Rubino et al, 2010;Aydin et al, 2011) Lingulodinium polyedrum (Stein) Dodge Lingulodinium sp ** Yessotoxin (Paz et al, 2004) Ionian Sea, Adriatic sea (Italy), Catalan sea, Arenys del mar, Alfacs and Fangar bays (Spain) Penna et al, 2010;Satta et al, 2010Satta et al, , 2013) Gonyaulax cf. spinifera complex (Claparéde et Lachmann) Diesing * Yessotoxin (Rhodes et al, 2006) Arenys del mar (Spain), Olbia (Italy) Protoceratium reticulatum (Claparède et Lachmann) Butschli * Yessotoxin (Paz et al, 2004) Adriatic sea (Italy), Alfacs and Fangar bays Satta et al, 2013) Protoperidinium claudicans (Paulsen) Balec ** Adriatic sea, Tyrrhenian sea, Olbia and Syracuse bay (Italy) Arenys harbour, Catalonia, Alfacs and Fangar bays (Spain) Garcés et al, 2010;Satta et al, 2013) Protoperidinium leonis * Non toxic Ionian sea ) Protoperidinium compressum (Abé) Balech * Non toxic Arenys harbour, Alfacs and Fangar bays (Spain), Adriatic sea, Olbia and Syracuse bay (Italy) Penna et al, 2010;Satta et al, 2010Satta et al, , 2013) Protoperidinium conicum (Gran) Balech ** Non toxic Aegean Sea (Turkey), Arenys harbour, Alfacs and Fangar bays (Spain), Olbia, Adriatic sea, Syracuse bay and Ionian sea (Italy) …”

“…Resting cysts are closely involved in the occurrence and spread of toxic blooms. Their distribution and abundance are considered to be valuable predictors of the formation of toxic blooms, particularly in semi-confined areas (Satta et al, 2013;Steidinger and Garcès, 2006;Bravo et al, 2006;Genovesi et al, 2009). A high cyst production rate ensures a continuous supply for the cyst bank and a regular inoculation of the water column (Zmerli Triki et al, 2015a, 2015bWhite and Lewis, 1982).…”

Benthic dinoflagellate blooms in tropical intertidal rock pools: elucidation of photoprotection mechanisms

“…In general, the Almazán-Becerril et al 2015, Faust 2000, 2005, Hazeem 2009, Hinzmann 2005, Horiguchi and Pienaar 2000, Jeong et al 2012, Krakhmalny et al 2012, Limoges et al 2015, Mohammad-Noor et al 2007, Murray et al 2006, Okolodkov et al 2014, Parsons and Preskitt 2007, Saburova et al 2009, Satta et al 2013, Shah et al 2010and Ten-Hage et al 2001 phytoplankton/microalgae in any aquatic environment experiences inevitably variable irradiance regimes. Furthermore, the phytoplankton/microalgae/zooxanthellae, those inhabiting in shallow water bodies or the shallow environment, experiencing severe variability in irradiance regimes especially due to direct exposure to solar radiation are referred as "euryphotic" as they are capable of acclimating to a wide range of irradiance levels (Falkowski and Dubinsky 1981).…”