Studies on Chemical Speciation of Sodium Aerosols Produced in Sodium Fire

Subramanian, V.; Sahoo, Prativa; Malathi, N.; Ananthanarayanan, R.; Baskaran, R.; Saha, Biswajit

doi:10.13182/nt09-a4100

Cited by 28 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Fortunately, in our laboratory, such type of a conductivity-monitoring unit has already been developed and is used for many miscellaneous applications [15][16][17][18]. The working principle and the design of this conductivity meter are entirely different from the conventional conductivity monitoring instruments available in the market.…”

Section: Principle Of Conductivity Measurementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Kinetic studies on saponification of ethyl acetate using an innovative conductivity‐monitoring instrument with a pulsating sensor

Das

Sahoo

Baba

et al. 2011

Int J of Chemical Kinetics

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An innovative conductometric measurement technique using a nonconventional but high-performance (high-precision, high-resolution, rapid response features for online graphic display) in house-built pulsating conductivity monitoring instrument has been deployed to study the kinetic behavior during the reaction of ethyl acetate and NaOH. A laboratorymade constant temperature reaction bath with the facility of continuous stirring of solution for homogeneous mixing was used to carry out experiments at desired solution temperatures. Rate constants of the saponification reaction in the temperature range at various temperatures (30-55 • C) were determined, and the results were compared with the reported values. Although the reported data exhibit wide scatter, our data are in agreement with some of the literature data. From these data, thermodynamic parameters such as activation energy, activation enthalpy, activation entropy, and activation free energy have been evaluated. With the introduction of this novel conductometric measurement technique, the determination of rate constants at various solution temperatures becomes much simpler and faster. C 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Chem Kinet 43: [648][649][650][651][652][653][654][655][656] 2011

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Section: Principle Of Conductivity Measurementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Kinetic studies on saponification of ethyl acetate using an innovative conductivity‐monitoring instrument with a pulsating sensor

Das

Sahoo

Baba

et al. 2011

Int J of Chemical Kinetics

Self Cite

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“…The measured value is verified with the standard procedure. For that, the remaining solution is subjected to Pulsating Conductometric Titration (Subramanian et al, 2009) method. An aliquot of the sample is titrated against HCl reactant, added in small steps and simultaneously measuring the change in conductivity.…”

Section: Characterization Of Sodium Aerosolsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development and Validation of a Methodology for Characterization of Sodium Aerosols in Cover Gas Region

Kumar

Subramanian

Baskaran

et al. 2014

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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This paper describes an experimental methodology developed in an Aerosol Test Facility (ATF) for sampling and analysis of sodium aerosol (metal vapour) from the cover gas region of a fast rector, and details of the validation of the methodology in an experimental sodium loop. The methodology involves; (i) sampling of sodium aerosols by drawing them without exposure to the atmosphere, (ii) trapping them in paraffin oil medium, and (iii) analyzing the paraffin oil for the determination of mass concentration by the conductivity method and size distribution by using a Mastersizer. Validation of the methodology is carried out in a sodium loop called the SILVERINA facility. The aerosol size distribution is found to vary from 1 to 12 µm, with the Mass Median Diameter (MMD) around 4.0 µm (σ g = 1.5), and the mass concentration is found to be ~9.50 g/m 3 . The experimental results agree with the values found in the literature.

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“…These samples are encountered during the environmental impact assessment of aerosols released from hypothetical large-scale sodium fires in liquid metal-cooled fast breeder reactors (LMFBRs). [2][3][4][5][6][7][8] During a sodium fire, aerosols of various sodium compounds are released into the environment, such as oxides, hydroxide, carbonate, and bicarbonate. 7 Understanding the speciation and quantification of these species helps in mitigation techniques to be adopted during post-fire management.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[2][3][4][5][6][7][8] During a sodium fire, aerosols of various sodium compounds are released into the environment, such as oxides, hydroxide, carbonate, and bicarbonate. 7 Understanding the speciation and quantification of these species helps in mitigation techniques to be adopted during post-fire management. Clough and Garland 9 estimated the bicarbonate fraction using the relation proposed by Harte et al 10 based on the dissolution of CO 2 in water and its equilibrium pressure.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantitative Analysis of Sodium Carbonate and Sodium Bicarbonate in Solid Mixtures Using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR)

2013

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An analytical methodology is proposed based on constant ratio and absorbance correction methods to quantify sodium carbonate, Na₂CO₃ (1450 cm⁻¹), and sodium bicarbonate, NaHCO₃ (1000 cm⁻¹, 1923 cm⁻¹), in solid mixtures using Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. Potassium ferricyanide, K₃Fe(CN)₆ (2117cm⁻¹), was used as an internal standard to get characteristic parameters. NaHCO₃ was quantified using the constant ratio method. Spectral interference of NaHCO₃ in Na₂CO₃ (1450 cm⁻¹) was corrected using the absorbance correction method. The corrected absorbance was successfully applied to quantify Na₂CO₃ (1450 cm⁻¹) in the mixture using the constant ratio method. The results obtained for simulated samples were satisfactory (relative standard deviation less than 7%) for all samples.

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Studies on Chemical Speciation of Sodium Aerosols Produced in Sodium Fire

Cited by 28 publications

References 4 publications

Kinetic studies on saponification of ethyl acetate using an innovative conductivity‐monitoring instrument with a pulsating sensor

Kinetic studies on saponification of ethyl acetate using an innovative conductivity‐monitoring instrument with a pulsating sensor

Development and Validation of a Methodology for Characterization of Sodium Aerosols in Cover Gas Region

Quantitative Analysis of Sodium Carbonate and Sodium Bicarbonate in Solid Mixtures Using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR)

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