Studies On Changes in Blood-Cell Populations During Tail Regeneration in the Gekkonid Lizard, Hemidactylus Fla Vi Vir Id Is

Shah, Rushabh; Kothari, J S; Hiradhar, P. K.

doi:10.1163/002829679x00133

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…Therefore, the normalization of expression (Figure 5) has allowed to confirm that there is a significant overexpression of most ncRNAs in the regenerating blastema. This result supports previous studies indicating that the regenerative blastema, like for cancer cells, undergo a Warburg effect as it mainly utilizes a glycolytic metabolism and the pentose phosphate shunt for producing energy and ribonucleotides (Alibardi, 2014; Shah et al, 1977). Gapdh has also other physiological roles in the cell including activation of transcription (Zhang et al, 2015), further confirming that blastema cells rapidly synthetize high levels of proteins.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…Previous studies on variations of the total RNAs content and its distribution in regenerating tails of P. muralis, P. sicula and other lizards indicated that the stages of blastema and early cone (Figure 6a-d) are those synthetically more active for RNA and protein synthesis and for cell multiplication (Alibardi, 2014;Alibardi & Sala, 1983, 1988Cox, 1969;Gilbert et al, 2015;Shah et al, 1977). In elongating cones, an intense cell proliferation and RNA distribution is only observed in the distal regions of the early muscle aggregates, in the apical ependymal tube and in the initial cartilaginous tissues that gives rise to the new axis of the regenerating tail (Figure 6e).…”

Section: General Consideration On Snornas and Snrnas On Protein Synth...mentioning

confidence: 93%

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SnoRNAs may accelerate protein synthesis for the rapid growth of the regenerating tail blastema in the lizard Podarcis muralis

Degan

Alibardi

2023

Acta Zoologica

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Tail regeneration in lizards derives from the formation of a regenerative blastema. Numerous snoRNAs exclusively up‐regulated in the regenerating tail but absent in the scarring limb of the lizard Podarcis muralis have been detected suggesting they are key genes for regeneration. While most snord‐, snora‐ and scarna‐RNAs are activators of protein synthesis and cell proliferation (oncogenes) some may also be tumour suppressors. A tail blastema of 2–3 mm in length consists of proliferating mesenchymal cells, fibroblasts and keratinocytes with active nucleoli, rosette‐patterned ribosomes and few rough endoplasmic cisternae. In few days, the blastema grows into a new tail indicating intense protein synthesis within this short period. A quantitative RT‐PCR analysis of snord87, snord26, snord74, snora63, scarna11, U2 and U4 shows that, aside snord87, the other ncRNAs are up‐regulated, particularly, U2, U4 and scarna11. These ncRNAs might regulate the rate of production of ribosomes from the nucleolus (snora‐ and snord‐RNAs), the splicing process (snord‐ and scarna‐RNAs, U2 and U4), the speed of protein synthesis (snora‐ and snord‐RNAs) and cell proliferation in the blastema. These non‐coding‐RNAs are hypothesized to intensify the production of more functional ribosomes that accelerate the rate of protein synthesis and rapid growth of the blastema into a new tail.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: General Consideration On Snornas and Snrnas On Protein Synth...mentioning

confidence: 93%

SnoRNAs may accelerate protein synthesis for the rapid growth of the regenerating tail blastema in the lizard Podarcis muralis

Degan

Alibardi

2023

Acta Zoologica

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…During tail regeneration, not only in the circulating blood and in the blastema but also in hemopoietic organs such as spleen and liver, there is a production of many blood cells (Ramachandran et al, ; Shah et al, ). In the liver, nodules of lymphocytes are generated (Ramachandran et al, ), and in the spleen, the white pulp increases (Shah et al, ). The fate of blood cells in the blastema is not known, although most granulocytes die and are removed during the first week after tail amputation, whereas macrophages and lymphocytes appear to remain longer among mesenchymal cells (Alibardi, ; Alibardi and Sala, ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In conclusion, the numerous blood cells present on the stump and early blastema derive from the migration of immature elements produced in the bone marrow through blood vessels or from the extravasation from the damaged vertebrae of hemopoietic elements. Hematogenous cells might arrive into the blastema also from other hemopoietic organs, such as spleen and liver (Ramachandran et al, ; Shah et al, ). These hemopoietic cells are later replaced by mesenchymal cells that, in part, derive from the sparse LRCs detected in the tail stump, especially in connective tissues and muscles, suggesting that they represent stem/progenitor cells.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Immunolocalization indicates that both original and regenerated lizard tail tissues contain populations of long retaining cells, putative stem/progenitor cells

Alibardi

2015

Microscopy Res & Technique

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The regeneration of the tail in lizards is likely sustained by stem/progenitor cells located in the stump after amputation of the tail. This microscopic and ultrastructural study shows the localization of 5-bromo-deoxy-uridine (5BrdU)-long retaining labeled cells in different tissues of the tail stump. These putative stem/progenitor cells are sparsely detected in the epidermis of scales, adipose tissue, intermuscle connective septa, myosatellite cells, and perichondrion of the vertebrae. Most of 5BrdU-labeled cells are present in the bone marrow of vertebrae as hemocytoblasts and reticulate cells, whereas more numerous myelocytes and polychromatophilic erythroblasts show a variable level of nuclear labeling. 5BrdU and tritiated-thymidine labeled and unlabeled hemopoietic cells are seen in circulating vessels and in the blastema where their maturation is completed. This observation indicates that the entire differentiation span of both white and red blood cells, at least during tail regeneration, lasts longer than 4 weeks. Labeled polychromatophilic erythroblasts and heterophilic and basophilic myelocytes are present in the synusoidal vessels of the regenerating tail. This study indicates that extravasating blood cells involved in immunity make large part of the forming blastema cell population, but are replaced by mesenchymal cells of different origin. The presence of long retaining labeled cells in tissues of the tail stump is likely connected to the production of blastema mesenchymal cells. Although no direct cell-lineage study has been done, histological, immunocytochemical, and autoradiographic studies have indicated that it is from these tissues that proliferating cells appear mainly localized after tail amputation and blastema formation.

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Tail Regeneration: Ultrastructural and Cytological Aspects

Alibardi

2009

Morphological and Cellular Aspects of Tail and Limb Regeneration in Lizards

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Studies On Changes in Blood-Cell Populations During Tail Regeneration in the Gekkonid Lizard, Hemidactylus Fla Vi Vir Id Is

Cited by 5 publications

References 0 publications

SnoRNAs may accelerate protein synthesis for the rapid growth of the regenerating tail blastema in the lizard Podarcis muralis

SnoRNAs may accelerate protein synthesis for the rapid growth of the regenerating tail blastema in the lizard Podarcis muralis

Immunolocalization indicates that both original and regenerated lizard tail tissues contain populations of long retaining cells, putative stem/progenitor cells

Tail Regeneration: Ultrastructural and Cytological Aspects

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