Studies on Brominated Chemicals in the Environment

DeCarlo, V. J.

doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1979.tb13185.x

Cited by 15 publications

(16 citation statements)

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“…The concentration of PBBs in sewage sludge has received little attention, primarily because of the relatively low use of PBBs in manufacturing. In general, the few studies (n=3) that have investigated the levels of PBBs in sludge showed PBBs to be below the detection limit (de Carlo, 1979, de Boer et al, 2003, de Boer et al, 2000.…”

Section: Polybrominated Biphenyls (Pbbs)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Polybrominated diphenyl ethers and polybrominated biphenyls in Australian sewage sludge

et al. 2008

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This paper presents a brief review of the international scientific literature of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and polybrominated biphenyls (PBBs) in sewage sludge and a survey of these compounds in sewage sludge from 16 Australian wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). The SigmaPBDE mean concentration in the Australian study was 1137microgkg(-1) dry weight (d.w.) (s.d. 1116) and ranged between 5 and 4 230microgkg(-1)d.w. The urban mean of 1308microgkg(-1) (s.d. 1320) and the rural mean of 911microgkg(-1) (s.d. 831) are not statistically different and are similar to levels in European sludges. Principal components analysis was performed on the data set and revealed that 76% of the data variation could be explained by two components that corresponded to overall concentration of the pentaBDE and the decaBDE commercial formulations. An analysis of variance was performed comparing PBDEs levels at three WWTPs over the years 2005 and 2006, finding differences between treatment plants (BDE-47) but no significant difference in PBDE levels in the years 2005 and 2006. Low levels of BB-153 were detected in all samples of this survey (n=16); mean 0.6microgkg(-1)d.w. (s.d. 0.5). This compound has rarely been reported in any other study of sewage sludges undertaken outside Australia. This work highlights the need for a risk assessment of PBDEs in sewage sludge when used for land application, taking into account typical levels found in Australian sludges and soils.

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Section: Polybrominated Biphenyls (Pbbs)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Polybrominated diphenyl ethers and polybrominated biphenyls in Australian sewage sludge

et al. 2008

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“…They are not chemically bound to and, thus, leachable from the matrices. DecaBDE (BDE 209) was found in 1979 in soil and sludge at PBDE manufacturing facilities in the US (de Carlo, 1979). PBDEs were detected in biota samples from the Viskan River in Sweden in 1981 (Anderson & Blomkvist, 1981) followed by a few studies throughout the 1980s and 1990s.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of mass spectrometry in the analysis of polybrominated diphenyl ethers

Wang

2009

Mass Spectrometry Reviews

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This review summarized the applications of mass spectrometric techniques for the analysis of the important flame retardants polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) to understand the environmental sources, fate and toxicity of PBDEs that were briefly discussed to give a general idea for the need of analytical methodologies. Specific performance of various mass spectrometers hyphenated with, for example, gas chromatograph, liquid chromatograph, and inductively coupled plasma (GC/MS, LC/MS, and ICP/MS, respectively) for the analysis of PBDEs was compared with an objective to present the information on the evolution of MS techniques for determining PBDEs in environmental and human samples. GC/electron capture negative ionization quadrupole MS (GC/NCI qMS), GC/high resolution MS (GC/HRMS) and GC ion trap MS (GC/ITMS) are most commonly used MS techniques for the determination of PBDEs. New analytical technologies such as fast tandem GC/MS and LC/MS become available to improve analyses of higher PBDEs. The development and application of the tandem MS techniques have helped to understand environmental fate and transformations of PBDEs of which abiotic and biotic degradation of decaBDE is thought to be one major source of Br(1-9)BDEs present in the environment in addition to direct loading from commercial mixtures. MS-based proteomics will offer an insight into the molecular mechanisms of toxicity and potential developmental and neurotoxicity of PBDEs.

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“…The first reports on PBDEs in the environment describe the presence of decabromodiphenyl ether (DeBDE) in soil and sludge [2], and on air particulates, sediment, and human hair [2–4]. All these samples were from the vicinity of plants manufacturing brominated flame retardants in the United States.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polybrominated diphenyl ethers and hexabromocyclododecane in sediment and fish from a Swedish River

Sellström

Kierkegaard

Wit

et al. 1998

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

336

158

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Fish and sediments from several places along the Swedish River Viskan, sampled in 1995, were analyzed for polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD). The samples were collected up‐ and downstream from several possible point sources (textile industries) for these compounds. Tetrabromodiphenyl ethers (TeBDEs), pentabromodiphenyl ethers (PeBDEs), and decabromodiphenyl ether (DeBDE [BDE209]) were found in sediment. Tetrabromodiphenyl ethers and PeBDEs were also found in fish. Hexabromocyclododecane was identified in sediment and fish. Large fish to sediment ratios for TeBDE, PeBDEs, and HBCD indicate that these are highly bioavailable, whereas BDE209 seems not to be as bioavailable. The lowest PBDE and HBCD levels were found upstream of the industries and concentrations generally increased progressively further downstream as more industries were passed. This is in agreement with earlier investigations of PBDEs in fish from the same river. Many brominated compounds are photolabile, which can complicate their analysis. Under the conditions used in this investigation it was observed that BDE209 in a solvent that was subject to the clean‐up procedure partly decomposed to compounds with shorter retention times, whereas BDE209 seemed to be stable in the sample extracts. Another matrix effect could be observed in the increased sensitivity obtained for some of the investigated compounds in fish and sediment extracts as compared to standard solutions. This effect may obscure analytical results obtained with electron capture mass spectrometric detections.

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Studies on Brominated Chemicals in the Environment

Cited by 15 publications

References 0 publications

Polybrominated diphenyl ethers and polybrominated biphenyls in Australian sewage sludge

Polybrominated diphenyl ethers and polybrominated biphenyls in Australian sewage sludge

Application of mass spectrometry in the analysis of polybrominated diphenyl ethers

Polybrominated diphenyl ethers and hexabromocyclododecane in sediment and fish from a Swedish River

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