Studies on Biosynthesis of Brassinosteroids

Sakurai, Akira; Fujioka, Shozo

doi:10.1271/bbb.61.757

Cited by 73 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 24 publications

(31 reference statements)

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“…The biosynthetic pathways of BRs were initially elucidated by tracer experiments using various labeled precursors of brassinolide (BL) in periwinkle ( Catharanthus roseus ) cell lines [ 15 ]. The pathways were later validated by analyzing the endogenous levels of BRs in BR-deficient mutants [ 4 , 16 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

YCZ-18 Is a New Brassinosteroid Biosynthesis Inhibitor

Matsumoto

Yamagami

et al. 2015

PLoS ONE

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Plant hormone brassinosteroids (BRs) are a group of polyhydroxylated steroids that play critical roles in regulating broad aspects of plant growth and development. The structural diversity of BRs is generated by the action of several groups of P450s. Brassinazole is a specific inhibitor of C-22 hydroxylase (CYP90B1) in BR biosynthesis, and the application use of brassinazole has emerged as an effective way of complementing BR-deficient mutants to elucidate the functions of BRs. In this article, we report a new triazole-type BR biosynthesis inhibitor, YCZ-18. Quantitative analysis the endogenous levels of BRs in Arabidopsis indicated that YCZ-18 significantly decreased the BR contents in plant tissues. Assessment of the binding affinity of YCZ-18to purified recombinant CYP90D1 indicated that YCZ-18 induced a typical type II binding spectrum with a Kd value of approximately 0.79 μM. Analysis of the mechanisms underlying the dwarf phenotype associated with YCZ-18 treatment of Arabidopsis indicated that the chemically induced dwarf phenotype was caused by a failure of cell elongation. Moreover, dissecting the effect of YCZ-18 on the induction or down regulation of genes responsive to BRs indicated that YCZ-18 regulated the expression of genes responsible for BRs deficiency in Arabidopsis. These findings indicate that YCZ-18 is a potent BR biosynthesis inhibitor and has a new target site, C23-hydroxylation in BR biosynthesis. Application of YCZ-18 will be a good starting point for further elucidation of the detailed mechanism of BR biosynthesis and its regulation.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

YCZ-18 Is a New Brassinosteroid Biosynthesis Inhibitor

Matsumoto

Yamagami

et al. 2015

PLoS ONE

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“…The establishment of the biosynthetic pathways ( Figure 1 ) [ 17 ] and functional analysis of BR biosynthesis enzymes provided important information for the rational development of BR biosynthesis inhibitors. It has been demonstrated that BR biosynthesis was mediated by several cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (P450s).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fenarimol, a Pyrimidine-Type Fungicide, Inhibits Brassinosteroid Biosynthesis

Matsumoto

Yamagami

et al. 2015

IJMS

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The plant steroid hormone brassinosteroids (BRs) are important signal mediators that regulate broad aspects of plant growth and development. With the discovery of brassinoazole (Brz), the first specific inhibitor of BR biosynthesis, several triazole-type BR biosynthesis inhibitors have been developed. In this article, we report that fenarimol (FM), a pyrimidine-type fungicide, exhibits potent inhibitory activity against BR biosynthesis. FM induces dwarfism and the open cotyledon phenotype of Arabidopsis seedlings in the dark. The IC50 value for FM to inhibit stem elongation of Arabidopsis seedlings grown in the dark was approximately 1.8 ± 0.2 μM. FM-induced dwarfism of Arabidopsis seedlings could be restored by brassinolide (BL) but not by gibberellin (GA). Assessment of the target site of FM in BR biosynthesis by feeding BR biosynthesis intermediates indicated that FM interferes with the side chain hydroxylation of BR biosynthesis from campestanol to teasterone. Determination of the binding affinity of FM to purified recombinant CYP90D1 indicated that FM induced a typical type II binding spectrum with a Kd value of approximately 0.79 μM. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis of the expression level of the BR responsive gene in Arabidopsis seedlings indicated that FM induces the BR deficiency in Arabidopsis.

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“…The late C6-oxidation pathway co-exists with the early-oxidation pathway. Akira and Shozo (1997) discussed the possible blocked steps of biosynthesis in brassinosteroid deficient mutants of Arabidopsis and pea and proposed the existence of the two pathways in a wide variety of plants. In the late C6-oxidation pathway, campestanol instead of being converted into 6-oxocampastenol goes through a series of intermediaries like deoxocathasterone, deoxoteasterone, 3-dehydro-6-deoxo-teasterone, 6-deoxotyphasterol, and Step-wise metabolic experiments using campesterol as the primary precursor, a third BR-biosynthesis pathway has been demonstrated (Fujioka and Yokota 2003).…”

Section: Late Oxidation Pathwaymentioning

confidence: 99%

Hormonal Regulation of Spikelet Development

Mohapatra

Sahu

2021

Panicle Architecture of Rice and Its Relationship With Grain Filling

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Many of the identified panicle development genes of the rice plants are homologous to known hormone genes. The class of plant hormones includes both positive and negative growth regulators. In rice, hormone-related biosynthetic pathways have been targeted for yield improvement since long bereft of any yield advantage hitherto. In the heterogeneous architecture rice panicle spikelet, position-specific grain growth is surmised coincidental to variation in balance between different hormones. The abundance of GA, auxin, cytokinin, ABA, and brassinosteroids improves grain yield whereas enhancement of ethylene synthesis, jasmonic acid production, and IAA perception inhibits grain filling. Hence, it has been obligatory to identify and characterize the expression of individual hormone-regulated panicle development genes to break yield frontiers in rice.

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Studies on Biosynthesis of Brassinosteroids

Cited by 73 publications

References 24 publications

YCZ-18 Is a New Brassinosteroid Biosynthesis Inhibitor

YCZ-18 Is a New Brassinosteroid Biosynthesis Inhibitor

Fenarimol, a Pyrimidine-Type Fungicide, Inhibits Brassinosteroid Biosynthesis

Hormonal Regulation of Spikelet Development

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