“Studies on Biodiversity of Vietnam and Laos” 1998−2005:  Examining the Impact

Soejarto, Djaja D.; Zhang, Hongjie; Fong, Harry H. S.; Tan, Ghee Teng; Gyllenhaal, Charlotte; Riley, Mary; Kadushin, Marian R.; Franzblau, Scott G.; Bich, Truong Quang; Cường, Nguyễn Mạnh; Hiệp, Nguyễn Tiến; Loc, Phan Ke; Xuan, Le Thi; Hải, Nông Văn; Hùng, Nguyễn Văn; Chien, Nguyen Quyet; Bình, Lê Trần; Vu, Bui Minh; Ly, Ho Minh; Southavong, Bounhong; Sydara, Kongmany; Bouamanivong, Somsanith; Pezzuto, John M.; Rose, William C.; Dietzman, Gregg; Miller, Byron E.; Thuy, Tran Van

doi:10.1021/np058107t

Cited by 23 publications

(18 citation statements)

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“…An initial organic extract (2.5 g) of L. majuscula displayed significant antiproliferative activity in a colon cancer cell line (CoL-2) 13. Bioassay-guided fractionation of the extract yielded anhydrodebromoaplysiatoxin ( 3 ) and anhydroaplysiatoxin ( 4 ).…”

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Nhatrangins A and B, Aplysiatoxin-Related Metabolites from the Marine Cyanobacterium Lyngbya majuscula from Vietnam

et al. 2010

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Two polyketide metabolites, nhatrangins A (1) and B (2), were isolated from a Vietnamese collection of Lyngbya majuscula. These compounds are related to the aplysiatoxin series of metabolites, which have also been isolated from this species of marine cyanobacterium. The use of 900 MHz cryoprobe NMR allowed the elucidation of the 2D structure of 1 from approximately 0.3 mg of compound. LC-MS analysis was utilized to direct the isolation of additional material as well as the isolation of 2. Conformational analysis was completed using J-based coupling constant analysis and selective NOE experiments.Cyanobacteria, in particular Lyngbya majuscula, have been shown to be a rich source of biologically active secondary metabolites. [1][2][3] Specifically, a series of toxins named the aplysiatoxins have been isolated from this species. Aplysiatoxins, which have been indicated as a causative agent for "swimmers itch", were originally isolated from Stylocheilus longicauda, a sea hare. 4 It has been reported that S. longicauda preferentially feeds on L. majuscula, and chemical investigations of this cyanobacterium yielded aplysiatoxin and debromoaplysiatoxin, thus showing that the aplysiatoxins found in the sea hare were of dietary origin. 5 Since the first report of the isolation of aplysiatoxin from L. majuscula, aplysiatoxins and related analogues such as the oscillatoxins have been isolated from other cyanobacteria, such as Schizothrix calcicola and Oscillatoria nigro-viridis. 6 The aplysiatoxins and the related manauealide C have also been isolated from Gracilaria coronopifolia, a red alga. 7 Many of the aplysiatoxins have tumor-promoting activity through the activation of protein kinase C. 8,9 This mechanism of action is the same as lyngbyatoxin, an another causative agent of contact dermatitis, i.e. "swimmer's itch". 10,11 Debromoaplysiatoxin has been reported to possess antiproliferative activity against a lymphocytic murine leukemia (P-388) cell line. 5 More recently, a synthetic analogue of aplysiatoxin was shown to have antiproliferative activity similar to bryostatin-1 in an eight-cell-line panel. 12 * To whom correspondence should be addressed. The chemistry and biological activity of these compounds have been well studied; however the biosynthetic pathway to these toxins has yet to be described. In this article, we describe the isolation and structure elucidation of nhatrangins A (1) and B (2), named after the collection site of Nha Trang Bay, Vietnam. The carbon skeleton of these molecules appears to be related to the carbon skeleton of the aplysiatoxins and may give an insight into the biosynthesis of these metabolites.An initial organic extract (2.5 g) of L. majuscula displayed significant antiproliferative activity in a colon cancer cell line (CoL-2). 13 Bioassay-guided fractionation of the extract yielded anhydrodebromoaplysiatoxin (3) and anhydroaplysiatoxin (4). Chemical evaluation of the extract also yielded approximately 0.3 mg of nhatrangin A (1). Through the use of 900 MHz cryoprobe NMR spect...

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Nhatrangins A and B, Aplysiatoxin-Related Metabolites from the Marine Cyanobacterium Lyngbya majuscula from Vietnam

et al. 2010

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“…The leaves and twigs of this plant contain an anti-HIV substance, the litesane sesquiterpene litsea verticillol. 48 Verrucasin L acetate is an active macrocyclic trichothecene sesquiterpernoid, which is found in leaves and stem bark of Ficus fistulosa Reinw. Ex Blume (Moraceae).…”

Section: Medicinal Plants Of Africamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(Asparagaceae) reveals anti-HIV activity and Nauclea orientalis (L.) L. (Rubiaceae) displays antimalarial activity. 48 The Asteraceae Crassocephalum crepidioides (Benth.) S. Mooregrows is found in both Thailand and China.…”

Section: Medicinal Plants Of Africamentioning

confidence: 99%

Biodiversity of Medicinal Plants

Yacoub¹,

Cibis²,

Risch³

2014

Biodiversity, Natural Products and Cancer Treatment

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Biodiversity describes the universality of all life forms, i.e. plants, animals and microorganisms, and the variety of ecosystems they live in. There are three classes of biodiversity, namely genetic diversity, species diversity and ecosystem diversity. Biodiversity is associated with chemodiversity, which plays a significant role in the discovery and development of drugs and medical pharmacotherapies. In addition to medical applications, biodiversity of microorganisms plays a crucial role in biotechnology and industrial biocatalytic processes. It is expected that in the future, biotechnology will produce high-quality bioproducts, which could replace fossil fuels. In this context, it is important to note that biodiversity is being threatened by the human species. Biodiversity is being destroyed by global environmental changes, such as changes in the atmospheric composition land degradation, depletion of fisheries and shortage of freshwater. Reduced biodiversity may lead to fewer natural chemical substances and hence reduced potential for medical and biotechnological applications.

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“…Many of these herbal remedies are used to treat tuberculosis (TB), reflecting the fact that TB is prevalent in the country. This project began under an International Cooperative Biodiversity Group (ICBG) grant, in which different traditional herbs were analyzed for their medical potential to treat TB, cancer, HIV/AIDS, and malaria (Soejarto et al, 2012; Soejarto et al, 1999; Soejarto et al, 2006). This project focused specifically on TB.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

New finding of an anti-TB compound in the genus Marsypopetalum (Annonaceae) from a traditional herbal remedy of Laos

Elkington

Sydara²,

Newsome

et al. 2014

Journal of Ethnopharmacology

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Ethnopharmacological relevance There is widespread use of traditional herbal remedies in the Lao PDR (Laos). It is common practice to treat many diseases with local plants. This research project documented and analysed some of these traditional remedies used to treat symptoms of tuberculosis (TB). Materials and methods This research was executed by interviewing healers about plants used traditionally to treat the symptoms of TB. Samples of some of the plants were collected, and extracts of 77 species were submitted to various in vitro assays in order to determine the amount of growth inhibition of virulent Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv (Mtb), as opposed to other microbes and mammalian Vero cells. Results Interviews took place with 58 contemporary healers in 5 different provinces about plants currently used, giving a list of 341 plants. Bioassay-guided fractionation was performed on Marsypopetalum modestum (Pierre) B. Xue & R.M.K. Saunders (Annonaceae), leading to the isolation of dipyrithione, an anti-mycobacterial compound isolated for the first time from the genus Marsypopetalum through this research. Conclusions This research has helped to increase awareness of Laos’ rich diversity of medicinal plants and will hopefully provide incentive to preserve the undeveloped forested areas that remain, which still hold a wealth of medical information for future discoveries.

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“Studies on Biodiversity of Vietnam and Laos” 1998−2005: Examining the Impact

Cited by 23 publications

References 18 publications

Nhatrangins A and B, Aplysiatoxin-Related Metabolites from the Marine Cyanobacterium Lyngbya majuscula from Vietnam

Nhatrangins A and B, Aplysiatoxin-Related Metabolites from the Marine Cyanobacterium Lyngbya majuscula from Vietnam

Biodiversity of Medicinal Plants

New finding of an anti-TB compound in the genus Marsypopetalum (Annonaceae) from a traditional herbal remedy of Laos

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