Studies on arterial flow patients - instantaneous velocity spectrums and their phasic changes - with directional ultrasonic Doppler technique.

Abstract

Flow velocity spectra of main arteries in 24 healthy adult subjects and 21 healthy aged subjects were transcutaneously studied using the directional ultrasonic Doppler technique.I) The instantaneous flow velocity spectrum is continuous throughout a pulse cycle, and intensified near the instantaneous maximum velocity, especially in the earlypart ofa pulse cycle.2) No reverse flow phase is observed in the common carotid artery except for a small momentary reverse component. A reverse flow phase is always exhibited in the femoral artery and in many occasions in the other main arteries; it follows the systolic forward flow phase. After the reverse flow phase the diastolic forward flow phase appears. In some subjects a second reverse flow phase and thirdforwardflow phase are successively observed.3) The arterial bloodflow almost looks like a propagation ofa damped longitudinal oscillation. 4) At the time of conversion between the forwardflow phase and the reverse flow phase, both forward and reverse components simultaneously coexist in a cross-section of the vessel.5) The arterialflow pattern is easily changeable in the arteries of the extremities, especially in the brachial artery. Such an easy changeability is the essentialfeature of the arterial bloodflow.6) The propagation velocity of the flow velocity wave is more rapid in elderly subjects than in other adult subjects. The reverse flow phase of the arterial flow pattern in the extrermties is more often observed in elderly subjects than in adult subjects. In the common carotid artery of elderly subjects the peak velocity is reduced so that the systolic rapidforward phase looks like a plateau.Studies on the mode of flow in the blood vessels should give us much information on the condition of the cardiovascular system. The ultrasonic Doppler technique offers a useful transcutaneous approach to this study. The technique was originally proposed by Satomura, Matsubara, and Yoshioka (1956) for the physical measurement of minor vibrations. It was also revealed that Doppler beats occurred from the blood flow in the blood vessels (Satomura, 1959; Satomura and Kaneko, I960).One of the present authors and others (Kato et al., I962) showed that Doppler beats due to the blood

Pulse Pressure Amplification, Arterial Stiffness, and Peripheral Wave Reflection Determine Pulsatile Flow Waveform of the Femoral Artery

“…Both are decreased by cigarette smoking 21,30 and with aging. 17,31 All of these parallel changes are probably explicable by direct causality between them.…”

“…However, quite differently from the carotid and ophthalmic waveforms, the femoral flow waveform normally exhibits a triphasic pattern, including reverse (upstream) flow toward the central aorta. [17][18][19] Previous investigations studied the reversal of femoral flow in association with cardiovascular risk factors and pharmacological intervention 20 -22 and even postulated a potential connection with renal blood flow. 23 Nevertheless, little attention has so far been paid to the fundamental, mechanical etiology of the generation of the flow reversal.…”

Hemodynamic Changes in the Brachial Artery Induced by Acupuncture Stimulation on the Lower Limbs: A Single-Blind Randomized Controlled Trial

“…Ultrasonography is a noninvasive method for evaluating blood flow velocity. Blood flow changes rapidly in the arteries of the extremities, especially in the peripheral arteries [26]. Changes in venous return due to respiration cause oscillations in stroke volume and blood pressure [27].…”

Change in blood flow velocity demonstrated by Doppler ultrasound in upper limb after axillary dissection surgery for the treatment of breast cancer

“…In order to assess the axillary and brachial vessels, each subject was placed in a supine position at a room temperature of 25°C [13], after previously resting for 5 min [14]. The axillary artery and vein were imaged with the arm abducted at 90°from the body and externally rotated [14,15].…”