Studies on amphibian metamorphosis XVIII. The development of structures in the dermal plicae of Rana sylvatica

Helff, O. M.; Stark, William S.

doi:10.1002/jmor.1050680206

Cited by 27 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 16 publications

(1 reference statement)

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“…The Leydig cells are larval-specific cells known in urodelan larval epidermis [7,8,22,23], which may correspond to sken cells with figures of Eberth in anuran larval epidermis [33]. Two types of dermal glands, mucous and serous glands, were similar to those described in anuran and urodelan amphibians [14,15,31]. Basal cell or epidermal origin of the dermal glands in H. retardatus observed in this study is common in many amphibian species [15].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 69%

“…Two types of dermal glands, mucous and serous glands, were similar to those described in anuran and urodelan amphibians [14,15,31]. Basal cell or epidermal origin of the dermal glands in H. retardatus observed in this study is common in many amphibian species [15]. The different distribution of the dermal glands in the body may correspond to different functions of these: mucous glands which distribute predominantly in the ventral side may secrete substances necessary to smooth terrestrial locomotion, and serous glands distributed in the dorsal side may secrete substances to protect the body from desiccation.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 62%

“…External gills, dorsal tailfin, and Leydig cells in the epidermis completely diminished in the controls during and after metamorphosis, but fully remained in the metamorphosis-arrested larvae. Two types of dermal glands, mucous and serous glands, however, behaved differently from Leydig cells, even though they differentiate from the epidermal cells [15] and constitute the same skin (Fig. 1E).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Transformation of skin from larval to adult types in normally metamorphosing and metamorphosis-arrested salamander, Hynobius retardatus

Ohmura

Wakahara

1998

Differentiation

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 69%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 62%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Transformation of skin from larval to adult types in normally metamorphosing and metamorphosis-arrested salamander, Hynobius retardatus

Ohmura

Wakahara

1998

Differentiation

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“…Several physiological mechanisms could explain this trend. The skin peptides available shortly after metamorphosis would have been produced in the granular glands developed in the late stages of prometamorphosis and during climax of metamorphosis (Helff andStark 1941, Bovbjerg 1963). Extended exposure to predator cues increases the release of glucocorticoids (Denver 2009), and elevated glucocorticoids are associated with the inhibition of AMP synthesis.…”

Section: Immunocompetencementioning

confidence: 99%

Larval exposure to predator cues alters immune function and response to a fungal pathogen in post‐metamorphic wood frogs

Groner

Buck

Gervasi

et al. 2013

Ecological Applications

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For the past several decades, amphibian populations have been decreasing around the globe at an unprecedented rate. Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd), the fungal pathogen that causes chytridiomycosis in amphibians, is contributing to amphibian declines. Natural and anthropogenic environmental factors are hypothesized to contribute to these declines by reducing the immunocompetence of amphibian hosts, making them more susceptible to infection. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) produced in the granular glands of a frog's skin are thought to be a key defense against Bd infection. These peptides may be a critical immune defense during metamorphosis because many acquired immune functions are suppressed during this time. To test if stressors alter AMP production and survival of frogs exposed to Bd, we exposed wood frog (Lithobates sylvaticus) tadpoles to the presence or absence of dragonfly predator cues crossed with a single exposure to three nominal concentrations of the insecticide malathion (0, 10, or 100 parts per billion [ppb]). We then exposed a subset of post-metamorphic frogs to the presence or absence of Bd zoospores and measured frog survival. Although predator cues and malathion had no effect on survival or size at metamorphosis, predator cues increased the time to metamorphosis by 1.5 days and caused a trend of a 20% decrease in hydrophobic skin peptides. Despite this decrease in peptides determined shortly after metamorphosis, previous exposure to predator cues increased survival in both Bd-exposed and unexposed frogs several weeks after metamorphosis. These results suggest that exposing tadpoles to predator cues confers fitness benefits later in life.

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“…Mucous and granular glands are located below the subepidermal capillaries (Jakubowski, 1989), and both are exocrine glands derived from the epidermis (Helff and Stark, 1941;Howes, 1947;Gillois-Chevalier, 1960;Bovbjerg, 1963;Vanable, 1964;Toledo and Jared, 1995). These cutaneous glands consist of a duct, an intercalated tract, and a secretory unit (Delfino, 1976).…”

mentioning

confidence: 98%

Vasculature of the parotoid glands of four species of toads (bufonidae: bufo)

Hutchinson

Savitzky

2004

Journal of Morphology

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The parotoid glands of toads (Bufonidae) consist of large aggregations of granular glands located between the otic region of the skull and the scapular region. To determine the circulatory pattern of these glands, we perfused the vascular systems of Bufo alvarius, B. marinus, B. terrestris, and B. valliceps with either India ink or Microfil, a fine latex. The perfused glands were studied by gross dissection, microscopic examination, and histology. The vascular patterns of the parotoid glands were compared to the arrangement of vessels in the dorsal skin of Rana sphenocephala (Ranidae), a frog that lacks parotoid glands. The parotoid glands of the four species of toads are supplied with blood by the lateral and dorsal cutaneous arteries and are drained by one or more branches of the internal jugular vein. The dorsal cutaneous artery supplies most of the blood to the parotoid glands in B. terrestris and B. valliceps. In B. alvarius and B. marinus, both the lateral and dorsal cutaneous arteries serve major roles in the blood supply of the glands. These patterns of blood flow have not been described previously for parotoid glands and conflict with earlier accounts for B. alvarius and B. marinus. The arteries and veins associated with the parotoid glands of toads are present in R. sphenocephala, but are arranged differently. In R. sphenocephala, the lateral cutaneous artery supplies the dorsal and lateral skin posterior to the shoulder region, whereas the dorsal cutaneous artery supplies the skin of the shoulder region. In toads, both the lateral and dorsal cutaneous arteries supply the skin of the shoulder region and ramify into subcutaneous capillaries that surround the secretory units of the parotoid glands. Extensive vasculature presumably is important for delivering cholesterol and other precursor molecules to the parotoid glands, where those compounds are converted into toxins.

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Studies on amphibian metamorphosis XVIII. The development of structures in the dermal plicae of Rana sylvatica

Abstract: STUDIES ON R?rlPRIBlAN T.SIETAMORPHOSIS sv111. THE DEVELOPXEYT OF STCUCTURES m THE DEGMAL PLICAE O F RbRA SYLVATICA 0. hl. HELFF AND WILLIAM STARK 7 l~~1 n r t n i o i f of Biology, Uticrcisity Gollcgr, X r w PorX Gnicarstty TWO PLATES (TWELVE FIGURES)

Cited by 27 publications

References 16 publications

Transformation of skin from larval to adult types in normally metamorphosing and metamorphosis-arrested salamander, Hynobius retardatus

Transformation of skin from larval to adult types in normally metamorphosing and metamorphosis-arrested salamander, Hynobius retardatus

Larval exposure to predator cues alters immune function and response to a fungal pathogen in post‐metamorphic wood frogs

Vasculature of the parotoid glands of four species of toads (bufonidae: bufo)

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