Studies on Allergen and Allergoid Preparations from Purified Timothy &lt;i&gt;(Phleum pratense)&lt;/i&gt; Pollen Extracts

Puttonen, E.; Maasch, H.J.; Pilström, Lars

doi:10.1159/000233058

Cited by 16 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…If compared on the basis of pro tein content approximately 90 times more protein of GOID than of GEN was necessary to elicit mean wheal sizes of 1 HEP. These results were in the same range as found in previous studies in PCA and ana phylactic studies [4], These findings suggest that dif ferences in allergenic activity of GEN and GOID can also be detected in vivo. However, in vivo assays yielded different activity ratios as in vitro assays.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…In two previous papers [3,4], we could demon strate that formaldehyde treatment of native allergen extracts yielded products with the properties of allergoids [5], In several in vitro and in vivo assays the al lergenicity of allergens versus allergoids was dimin ished markedly. In RAST inhibition and histamine release from washed human leukocytes the residual allergenic activity of GOID was 0.1% compared to the activity of GEN.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Timothy B is a partially purified al lergen preparation which contains all fractions of the range of mo lecular weights (MW) from 10,000 to 45,000 daltons, 18% hereof being free carbohydrate [4], Timothy B allergoid was prepared by a mild formaldehyde treatment of timothy B by a new two-step procedure [5].…”

Section: Antigen and Control Solutionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ideally they should display a markedly reduced allergenicity yet retain the ability to induce the production of allergen-specif ic blocking antibodies of the IgG class in humans and animals [1,2], In two previous papers [3,4], the indus trial scale preparation of timothy B allergen (GEN) and timothy B allergoid (GOID) was described. It could be demonstrated that formaldehyde treatment of allergens altered their molecular weight range, pro tein composition, enzyme activities and capacity to react with grass-pollen-specific IgE in RAST inhibi tion.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Studies on Allergen and Allergoid Preparations from Purified Timothy <i>(Phleum pratense)</i> Pollen Extracts

Pilström

Hj³

1985

Int Arch Allergy Immunol

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The allergenic activities of allergen (GEN) and allergoid (GOID) preparations from partially purified timothy pollen extract were investigated in quantitative skin prick tests and nasal provocation tests. In skin prick test GOID yielded significantly less activity than GEN. Approximately 90 times more protein of GOID than of GEN was necessary to elicit wheals of the same mean size as 1 mg/ml histamine control solution (1 HEP). In nasal provocation the patients seemed to react differently with respect to their nasal sensitivity to GOID. One group of patients showed equal sensitivity to GOID and GEN, whereas the second group showed higher thresholds to GOID. These differences in nasal sensitivity to GOID could be of practical value to predict the optimal dosage schedule for the treatment of patients with GOID.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Antigen and Control Solutionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Studies on Allergen and Allergoid Preparations from Purified Timothy <i>(Phleum pratense)</i> Pollen Extracts

Pilström

Hj³

1985

Int Arch Allergy Immunol

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“…Their characteristic feature is minimal IgE-binding activity but retained immunogenicity, documented in both animals and humans (3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10). Few data are available that directly show the T cell-stimulating capacity of allergoids.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

T Cell Reactivity with Allergoids: Influence of the Type of APC

Kahlert

Grage-Griebenow

Stüwe

et al. 2000

The Journal of Immunology

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The use of allergoids for allergen-specific immunotherapy has been established for many years. The characteristic features of these chemically modified allergens are their strongly reduced IgE binding activity compared with the native form and the retained immunogenicity. T cell reactivity of chemically modified allergens is documented in animals, but in humans indirect evidence of reactivity has been concluded from the induction of allergen-specific IgG during immunotherapy. Direct evidence of T cell reactivity was obtained recently using isolated human T cells. To obtain further insight into the mechanism of action of allergoids, we compared the Ag-presenting capacity of different APC types, including DC and macrophages, generated from CD14+ precursor cells from the blood of grass pollen allergic subjects, autologous PBMC, and B cells. These APC were used in experiments together with Phl p 5-specific T cell clones under stimulation with grass pollen allergen extract, rPhl p 5b, and the respective allergoids. Using DC and macrophages, allergoids exhibited a pronounced and reproducible T cell-stimulating capacity. Responses were superior to those with PBMC, and isolated B cells failed to present allergoids. Considerable IL-12 production was observed only when using the DC for Ag presentation of both allergens and allergoids. The amount of IL-10 in supernatants was dependent on the phenotype of the respective T cell clone. High IL-10 production was associated with suppressed IL-12 production from the DC in most cases. In conclusion, the reactivity of Th cells with allergoids is dependent on the type of the APC.

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