Studies of visual depth perception: An effect of early experience on chicks on a visual cliff.

Tallarico, Robert B.; Farrell, Walter Michael

doi:10.1037/h0041529

Cited by 30 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 4 publications

(5 reference statements)

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“…The present findings confirm those reported by Tallarico & Farrell (1964), who showed that chickens reared on the deep side of a visual cliff are more likely to descend to the deep side during testing than are birds reared on the shallow side. Therefore, one may conclude that the response of chickens to a potential falling-off place can be modified by previous visual experience.…”

supporting

confidence: 82%

“…For example, Emlen (1963) showed that young herring gulls reared in nests situated on cliffs were less likely to descend from a visual cliff than were gulls reared in nests located on plateaus. On the other hand, Tallarico & Farrell (1964) reported that domestic chicks reared from hatching over the deep surface of a visual cliff were more likely to descend to the deep surface during testing than were chicks reared on the shallow surface. Thus, in the first experiment, previous experience with depth inhibited the bird's descent, but in the second experiment it facilitated it.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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The effect of previous visual experience upon the response to depth in domestic chickens

Krames

Carr

1968

Psychon Sci

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supporting

confidence: 82%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of previous visual experience upon the response to depth in domestic chickens

Krames

Carr

1968

Psychon Sci

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“…Dieldrin was shown to affect the performance of sheep (Ovis aries) on both a vigilance task (Van Gelder et al 1969) and a visual discrimination task (Van Gelder et al 1970). Baxter et al (1969) found that pheasant chicks (Phasianus colchicus) hatched from eggs laid by hens which had received 8 mg of dieldrin per week chose the deep side of a visual cliff (Tallarico and Farrell 1964) significantly more often that did control chicks. 1present address:…”

mentioning

confidence: 98%

Failure of dieldrin to affect color vision in juvenile mallard ducks

1973

Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol.

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COMMUNICATED BY LOUIS LY KKENNine mallard ducks were raised artificially from eggs and fed the same long-term doses of dieldrin as their parents (0, 4, or 10 ppm); in addition, three ducks from 10 ppm parents were raised on 50 ppm. The parents had been on dieldrin-treated feed for two years. The juvenile ducks were tested at approximately two months of age. Each duck was trained to respond (key peck) differentially to light wavelengths of 552 m/.t (S +) and 610 m/2 (S-) and, subsequently, was presented 13 different wavelengths, in random order. Differential responding was analyzed for stimulus generalization. No significant differences (p < .05) were found between the control and treated groups' mean stimulus generalization gradients. Only the group receiving 50 ppm in their feed had a mean whole-brain dieldrin residue significantly larger (p < .05) than that of the control group. These results indicate that the ingestion of dieldrin, under the test conditions used, does not have a measurable effect on light wavelength discrimination in mallard ducks.Recently, interest in the sublethal effects of pesticide chemicals has focused on possible behavioral aberrations which possibly are deleterious to the survival of the individual or population. Ogilvie and Anderson (1965) exposed Atlantic salmon (Satmo satar) to sublethal doses of DDT ranging from 5 to 50 ppb; they found that the fish which received low doses selected colder water while those which received high doses selected warmer water. Warner et al. (1966) demonstrated that toxaphene reduces the ability of several fish species to avoid conditioned shock. Cooke (1972) noted that frog (Rana ternporaria) and toad (Bufo bufo) tadpoles, when exposed to 0.5 ppm of dieldrin in amphibian saline for 24 hours, showed hyperactivity followed by "resigned" behavior. Dieldrin was shown to affect the performance of sheep (Ovis aries) on both a vigilance task (Van Gelder et al. 1969) and a visual discrimination task (Van Gelder et al. 1970). Baxter et al. (1969) found that pheasant chicks (Phasianus colchicus) hatched from eggs laid by hens which had received 8 mg of dieldrin per week chose the deep side of a visual cliff (Tallarico and Farrell 1964) significantly more often that did control chicks. 1present address:

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“…1 Another effect of experience is to modify or disrupt the usual preference for the shallow side of the visual cliff. Tallarico and Farrell (1964) found that chicks raised on the deep side of the visual cliff showed a slight preference for the deep side when tested, whereas both shallow side and normally raised chicks showed the usual preference. Similar results have been obtained with rats (Carr & McGuigan, 1965;Kaess & Wilson, 1964;Rosen & Ison, 1964).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of environment on visual cliff performance in the Mongolian gerbil

Bradley

Shea

1977

Perception & Psychophysics

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Depth perception in the Mongolian gerbil was investigated as a function of age and environment. Thirty-two gerbils were raised in either a cliff or flat environment, and half the gerbils in each condition were tested on the visual cliff from 21 to 57 days of age. All gerbils were tested at 60-61 days on a standard visual cliff, a barrier cliff which prevented movement along the centerboard, and a jumping platform. While the gerbils did not display a preference for the shallow side when tested at 21 days, those living in a cliff environment showed rapid acquisition of such a preference, whereas those living in a flat environment did not. By 60-61 days, however, all gerbils demonstrated a strong preference for the shallow side on both versions of the visual cliff, regardless of environment or pretesting experience.Following a now-classic study by Lashley and Russell (1934), many investigators have attempted to determine whether the perception of depth is innate or learned. The most popular apparatus for assessing the presence of depth perception has been the visual cliff

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Studies of visual depth perception: An effect of early experience on chicks on a visual cliff.

Cited by 30 publications

References 4 publications

The effect of previous visual experience upon the response to depth in domestic chickens

The effect of previous visual experience upon the response to depth in domestic chickens

Failure of dieldrin to affect color vision in juvenile mallard ducks

The effect of environment on visual cliff performance in the Mongolian gerbil

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