Studies of Various Artificial Magnetic Conductor for 5G Applications

Gain enhancement of a wideband rectangular ring monopole millimeter‐wave antenna using artificial magnetic conductor structure

“…Figure 4A displays the schematic of the proposed planar AMC unit cell for the 28 GHz frequency band. It consists of a circular slot of radius R 1 etched in the center of square AMC and introduced four identical quadrant stubs of size L a × W a on a substrate with a copper ground layer 20 . This AMC unit cell is also realized on RT/Duroid 5880 substrate ( ε r = 2.2, thickness = 0.254 mm and tanδ = 0.0001).…”

“…Therefore, a distinct gap between the antenna and AMC reflector surface is required to attain a high gain and improved radiation performance. [15][16][17][18][19][20] A 3 Â 3 E-AMC inserted meandered monopole small antenna, 21 a 6 Â 9 fractal AMC-backed bow-tie antenna, 22 a 2 Â 2 slotted AMC integrated monopole antenna, 23 a 2 Â 2 dumbbell-shaped AMC integrated monopole antenna, 24 a 6 Â 6 AMC-backed crossed bowtie dipoles antenna, 25 a pair of the crossed-dipole antenna with 7 Â 7 AMC surface, 26 a band-notched dipole antenna array with AMC reflector, 27 a 5 Â 5 AMC-backed band-notched slot antenna array, 28 and a stacked antenna arrays with reactive loadings and 5 Â 5 AMC unit cells 29 were presented for below sub-6 GHz bands. For the mmWave and Ka-band applications, some diverse categories of antennas such as low-temperature co-fired ceramics (LTCC) patch antenna using 6 Â 6 AMC structures, 30,31 EBG antenna array over AMC, 32 AMC-backed slotted bowtie antenna, 33 and CPW antenna with EBG backing 34 are presented.…”

“…The broadband, wideband, and high gain antennas are preferable because they met the requirement of very high channel capacity and low latency of 5G communication. The numerous antennas for different categories are reported for sub‐6 GHz and mmWave systems by the researchers and focused mainly on the enhancement of the bandwidth and radiation performance of the antenna 1–34 . The bandwidth of the diverse antennas was enhanced by introducing various elementary techniques such as multilayer configuration, 1 tapering of the structure, 2 waveguide aperture/proximity coupled/differential feeding and parasitic elements, 3–5 and embedding stubs/strips/slots in the ground plane/radiating patches 6–8 .…”

“…This indicates that it can be used to reflect the incident wave with a 0° (in‐phase) reflection phase, like a perfect magnetic conductor (PMC). Therefore, a distinct gap between the antenna and AMC reflector surface is required to attain a high gain and improved radiation performance 15–20 . A 3 × 3 E‐AMC inserted meandered monopole small antenna, 21 a 6 × 9 fractal AMC‐backed bow‐tie antenna, 22 a 2 × 2 slotted AMC integrated monopole antenna, 23 a 2 × 2 dumbbell‐shaped AMC integrated monopole antenna, 24 a 6 × 6 AMC‐backed crossed bowtie dipoles antenna, 25 a pair of the crossed‐dipole antenna with 7 × 7 AMC surface, 26 a band‐notched dipole antenna array with AMC reflector, 27 a 5 × 5 AMC‐backed band‐notched slot antenna array, 28 and a stacked antenna arrays with reactive loadings and 5 × 5 AMC unit cells 29 were presented for below sub‐6 GHz bands.…”