Studies of the Lymphatic Tissue

Ehrich, W.

doi:10.1084/jem.49.3.361

Cited by 20 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…of antigen in saline produced mesenchymal reactions in the lungs, cloudy swelling and sometimes necrosis of the liver, and other systemic changes. The mesenchymal reactions in the lungs were not unlike those which Rist (12) observed in experiments with killed tubercle bacilli in paraffin oil; but while Rist believed that they were tuberculous in nature, we find that they are nonspecific; they are identical with the mesenchymal reactions following the injection of killed staphylococci and other bacteria described earlier by Ehrich and coworkers (13)(14)(15). The nature of these reactions is not entirely clear.…”

Section: Antigen In Oilsupporting

confidence: 54%

Mechanism of the Augmenting Action of Mineral Oil on Antibody Production

Ehrich

Halbert

et al. 1945

Journal of Experimental Medicine

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A comparative study was made in rabbits of antibody production and tissue changes following the injection into the foot pads, of saline in Falba and mineral oil emulsion, of killed cells of Shigella paradysenteriae Flexner in saline, and of killed cells of Shigella paradysenteriae in saline in Falba-mineral oil emulsion. It was found that antibody production was greatly prolonged by the emulsification in oil. While with antigen in saline the serum titers began to fall 9 days after injection and disappeared somewhere between the 3rd and 6th months, with antigen in paraffin oil they began to drop only after 14 days, and were still high after 10 months, when the experiment was ended. The toxic effects of the antigen were greatly reduced by the emulsification in oil. A subcutaneous dose of 1.5 mg. of antigen in saline caused mesenchymal reactions in lung, liver, and spleen as well as toxic degeneration and sometimes necrosis of the liver whereas eight times as much of the antigen in oil produced no systemic lesions. Oil drops remained detectable in the foot pad until the end of the experiment. Bacteria remained visible in the oil for 1 week or more, but with saline they disappeared within 1 day. The latter observation shows that retention of antigen at the site of injection is at least one of the mechanisms of prolongation of antibody formation by paraffin oil. The tissue reaction in the foot pad to antigen in oil was largely one of suppuration with the production of persisting mononuclear granulomata whereas after antigen in saline it was chiefly one of catarrhal inflammation, subsiding within a month. The changes in the regional lymph nodes were essentially those of lymphatic hyperplasia with the production of numerous lymphocytes and large active secondary nodules, the macrophages remaining subsidiary. The lymphocytic reaction in the lymph nodes closely paralleled the antibody response but the monocytic reaction at the site of injection was not correlated with this response; in fact, in the antigen in oil experiments the monocytic reaction reached its height after the peak of antibody production. The tissue changes observed in the various experiments were consistent with the finding previously reported from this laboratory, that the lymphocyte is concerned in antibody formation.

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Section: Antigen In Oilsupporting

confidence: 54%

Mechanism of the Augmenting Action of Mineral Oil on Antibody Production

Ehrich

Halbert

et al. 1945

Journal of Experimental Medicine

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“…Scheyer (22) earlier had correlated the amount of proliferation of reticulo-endothelial elements in various sites with the dinical course in puerperal sepsis, and found that the presence of focal reaction indicated a certain degree of resistance to the infection. Intense mononuclear cellular proliferation was observed by Ehrich (23) and by Nye and Parker (24) in animals following prolonged intravenous injection of bacteria; and the latter described similar lesions after the injection of certain colloids.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 61%

Perivascular Reactions in Lung and Liver Following Intravenous Injection of Streptococci Into Previously Sensitized Animals

Hitchcock

Camero

Swift

1934

Journal of Experimental Medicine

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Intravenous inoculation of small doses of non-hemolytic streptococci into previously sensitized rabbits is usually followed by the appearance of perivascular cellular aggregates in lung and liver. The characteristic cell in these aggregates is moderately large, with vesicular nucleus, prominent nucleoli, clumped chromatin, and basophilic cytoplasm. In addition, the lesions contain small lymphocytes and granulocytes. This lesion is easily differentiated by architecture and cell content from normally occurring lymphoid aggregates, and from spontaneous rabbit hepatic cirrhosis. This mononuclear response does not occur when the intravenous dose is large enough to cause death of the animal within 24 hours. In spleen and lymph nodes the characteristic basophilic cells, which normally occur in these organs, are present in increased numbers. Following intravenous treatment alone, or sensitization without intravenous treatment, the lesions occur much less frequently, and when present are smaller and more sparsely found. Inasmuch as in the present series of experiments this lesion was not found in normal animals, and infrequently in those treated by the intravenous route alone, it is suggested that the preliminary sensitization serves to enhance the animal's reactivity to the antigen. In this way a small dose of bacteria is capable of eliciting the cellular phenomenon, which in unsensitized animals appears only when larger doses of antigen are administered over longer periods of time. Too large a dose of antigen, however, results in shock and cell death rather than proliferation.

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“…Ehrich (5) injected staphylococcus of low virulence subcutaneously and found a regional hyperplasia of the lymph nodes and some increase in lymphocytes in the peripheral blood. Injecting killed staphylococci intravenously (6), he obtained an increase in the number of circulating lymphocytes, which reached a maximum at about the 10th and 14th day, and then decreased to normal, although the injections were continued. Hyperplasia of spleen and lymph nodes was observed.…”

mentioning

confidence: 98%