Studies of the development of the human skeleton. (A). The development of the lumbab, sacbal and coccygeal vertebwe. (B). The cubves and the pbopobtionate regional lengths of the spinal column during the first thbee months of embbyonic developnent. (C). The development of the skeleton of the posterior limb

Bardeen, Charles Russell

doi:10.1002/aja.1000040302

Cited by 96 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Ossification occurs from multiple sites and continues after birth until adolescence [31]. While most previous studies focused on the phases after ossification for which X-ray images are available, studies concerning structural formation during the cartilaginous stage are limited [10,11,32–34]. This could be attributed to the analysis required, i.e., either through 3D reconstruction from serial histological sections or cross-sectional observation after potassium hydroxide clearance and alizarin red staining instead of simple X-ray images [20,21].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This could be attributed to the analysis required, i.e., either through 3D reconstruction from serial histological sections or cross-sectional observation after potassium hydroxide clearance and alizarin red staining instead of simple X-ray images [20,21]. A previous study revealed that the cartilaginous structure differs from the bony structure; however, precise quantitative and morphometric analysis have not yet been performed [10,11,32,33]. Thus, the present study is valuable because the morphogenesis of the pelvic structure in the cartilaginous stage is clearly shown in 3D, and the timeline of the connection and articulation of each component and the results of the morphometric analysis ware presented.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, hip bone development has not been not as amply described as the femoral bone and joint itself [9]. Furthermore, while the development and morphogenesis of the vertebral column in humans are well documented, the literature regarding descriptions of the sacrum and coccyx is limited [10–13]. Previous studies found that making accurate observations around the sacrum-coccyx was difficult because of the flexure of the samples [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cartilage formation in the pelvic skeleton during the embryonic and early-fetal period

et al. 2017

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The pelvic skeleton is formed via endochondral ossification. However, it is not known how the normal cartilage is formed before ossification occurs. Furthermore, the overall timeline of cartilage formation and the morphology of the cartilage in the pelvis are unclear. In this study, cartilage formation in the pelvic skeletons of 25 human fetuses (crown-rump length [CRL] = 11.9–75.0 mm) was observed using phase-contrast computed tomography and 7T magnetic resonance imaging. The chondrification center of the ilium, ischium, and pubis first appeared simultaneously at Carnegie stage (CS) 18, was located around the acetabulum, and grew radially in the later stage. The iliac crest formed at CS20 while the iliac body’s central part remained chondrified. The iliac body formed a discoid at CS22. The growth rate was greater in the ilium than in the sacrum-coccyx, pubis, and ischium. Connection and articulation formed in a limited period, while the sacroiliac joint formed at CS21. The articulation of the pubic symphysis, connection of the articular column in the sacrum, and Y-shape connection of the three parts of the hip bones to the acetabulum were observed at CS23; the connection of the ischium and pubic ramus was observed at the early-fetal stage. Furthermore, the degree of connection at the center of the sacrum varied among samples. Most of the pelvimetry data showed a high correlation with CRL. The transverse and antero-posterior lengths of the pelvic inlet of the lesser pelvis varied among samples (R2 = 0.11). The subpubic angle also varied (65–90°) and was not correlated with CRL (R2 = 0.22). Moreover, cartilaginous structure formation appeared to influence bone structure. This study provides valuable information regarding the morphogenesis of the pelvic structure.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cartilage formation in the pelvic skeleton during the embryonic and early-fetal period

et al. 2017

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“…This early patterning stage of pelvic development lasts several weeks in humans (1–2 days in mice), until the endochondral ossification commences at about embryonic weeks 6–7 (mouse E12) (Bardeen, 1905; O’Rahilly & Gardner, 1975; Okumura et al, 2017). Accordingly, chondrogenesis begins in a region near the acetabulum, followed in the ischium and then pubis (Laurenson, 1964a), and these three centers expand such that by embryonic week 8 (mouse E14) they have fused at the acetabulum (Adair, 1918).…”

Section: Pelvic Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Indeed, when primary ossification centers arise in central regions of the ilium, pubis, and ischium the outer areas of each bone are still undergoing chondrogenesis. The primary ossification centers mirror the chondrification centers in both location and order, with the first arising in the ilium at the end of the second gestational month in humans in the perichondrium of the acetabular roof (Adair, 1918; Bardeen, 1905; Laurenson, 1964a, 1964b). This ossification center extends cranially, first covering the exterior perichondral surface of the ilium, and ultimately invading the underlying cartilage.…”

Section: Pelvic Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetics of scapula and pelvis development: An evolutionary perspective

Young

Selleri

Capellini

2019

Current Topics in Developmental Biology

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In tetrapods, the scapular and pelvic girdles perform the important function of anchoring the limbs to the trunk of the body and facilitating the movement of each appendage. This shared function, however, is one of relatively few similarities between the scapula and pelvis, which have significantly different morphologies, evolutionary histories, embryonic origins, and underlying genetic pathways. The scapula evolved in jawless fish prior to the pelvis, and its embryonic development is unique among bones in that it is derived from multiple progenitor cell populations, including the dermomyotome, somatopleure, and neural crest. Conversely, the pelvis evolved several million years later in jawed fish, and it develops from an embryonic somatopleuric cell population. The genetic networks controlling the formation of the pelvis and scapula also share similarities and differences, with a number of genes shaping only one or the other, while other gene products such as PBX transcription factors act as hierarchical developmental regulators of both girdle structures. Here, we provide a detailed review of the cellular processes and genetic networks underlying pelvis and scapula formation in tetrapods, while also highlighting unanswered questions about girdle evolution and development.

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Development of the human knee joint

et al. 1997

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Background: Many studies have been published on the development of the human knee joint, but different investigators disagree on its morphogenetic time table. Most discrepancies center on the cavitation of the knee joint and the participation of the superior tibiofibular joint in the joint knee system. Methods: We summarize our observations of the development of the knee joint in 50 serially sectioned human embryonic and fetal lower limbs (26 embryos and 24 fetuses). Results: The epiphysis of the femur and tibia become condryfied from O'Rahilly stage 18, and ossification begins during the 13th week of development. The patella appears as a dense blastema during O'Rahilly stage 19, becomes condryfied during O'Rahilly stage 22, and begins its ossification during the 14th week of development. The knee joint cavity appears during O'Rahilly stage 22, initially as the femoropatellar joint. This process begins at the periphery of the articular interzone. The superior tibiofibular joint communicates with the lateral meniscotibial joint between 10 and 11 weeks of development and becomes separated from the 13 week on. The menisci arise from the eccentric portions of the articular interzone during O'Rahilly stage 22; however, until week 9 of development, they are not easily distinguishable. Conclusions: We establish the morphogenetic time table of the human knee joint. Anat. Rec. 248:269‐278, 1997. © 1997 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.

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Cited by 96 publications

References 7 publications

Cartilage formation in the pelvic skeleton during the embryonic and early-fetal period

Cartilage formation in the pelvic skeleton during the embryonic and early-fetal period

Genetics of scapula and pelvis development: An evolutionary perspective

Development of the human knee joint

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