Studies of the behavior in magnetic fields of some lyomesophase systems with respect to electrolyte additions

Abstract

. Can. J. Chem. 55,2396 (1977).A systematic investigation has been made of some lyotropic mesophases (lyomesophases) which macroscopically orient in magnetic fields. These mesophases have been classified into type I which have a positive diamagnetic anisotropy (AX > 0) and type I1 with AX < 0. The mesophase behavior has been observed as a function mainly of electrolyte additions to binary and ternary systems. The electrolyte has a profound effect on the mesophase behavior at extremely low concentrations. It has the effect in the ternary system, sodium decylsulphate/ decanol/water, of converting a type I to a type I1 mesophase with less than 1 wt.% electrolyte.The addition of electrolytes to binary surfactantlwater systems had the effect of increasing the mesomorphic region to higher water concentrations. I n the case of sodium and cesium decylsulphate, and potassium laurate, these ternary mesophases were of type I and for decylammonium chloride of type 11. The method used to distinguish mesophases and determine the degrees of order of water and some hydrocarbon chain segments has been deuterium magnetic resonance. DOUGLAS M. CHEN, FRED Y. FUJIWARA et LEONARD W. REEVES. Can. J. Chem. 55,2396(1 977).On a fait une ttude systematique de quelques mesophases lyotropes (1yomCsophases) qui s'orientent d'une f a~o n n~acroscopique dans les champs magnttiques. On a classifit ces mtsophases en type I, celles qui ont une anisotropie diamagnetique positive (AX > 0), et type 11, pour celles ou AX < 0. On a principalement observe le comportement de la mesophase en fonction de I'addition d'tlectrolytes a des systtmes binaires et tertiaires. L'electrolyte a un effet considerable sur le comportement de la mesophase a des concentrations extrCmement basses. Sur le systeme tertiaire, decylsulphate de sodium/decanol/eau, l'electrolyte a comme effet de transformer une mesophase de type I en une mtsophase de type I1 avec moins que 1% en poids d'electrolyte. L'effet de l'addition d'tlectrolytes a des systtmes binaires, agent actif a la surfaceleau, est de dkplacer la region mtsomorphe vers des concentrations d'eau plus tlevees. Dans le cas des dtcylsulphates de sodium et de ctsium et du laurate de potassium, les phases ternaires sont du type I alors que pour le chlorure de dCcylammonium elle est du type 11. On utilise la resonance magnetique d u deuterium comme mtthode pour distinguer les mesophases et pour determiner les degrts d'ordre de l'eau et de quelques segments de chaines hydrocarbones.[Traduit par le journal] Introduction in any given system (4-8). In the most thorough l-he complex superstructures of lyotropic studies these mesophases are characterized by mixtures of amphiphilic compounds, in water, their low angle X-ray diffraction Pattern. LYOformed ill the regime of concentrated micellar mesophases which can be oriented either spansystems, lead to liquid crystalline properties of taneously or by means the resulting fluids (I). These lyoniesophases are advantages for study by any technique where important both with reference ...

Rheological Theory and Simulation of Surfactant Nematic Liquid Crystals

“…At surfactant concentrations above 20 -30 wt %, wormlike micellar solutions have received considerable attention during the past decades because of their remarkable structural and complex viscoelastic rheology behavior (Auffret et al, 2009 ;Berni et al, 2002 ;Burghardt and Fuller, 1991 ;Cates, 1987 ;Chen et al, 1977 ;Clawson et al, 2006 ;De Melo fi lho et al, 2007 ;Doi and Ohta, 1991 ;Hendrix et al, 1993 ;Amaral, 1990, 1993 ;Khokhlov and Semenov, 1981 ;Larson and Doi, 1991 ;Lawson and Flautt, 1967 ;Leadbetter and Wrighton, 1979 ;Lu et al, 2008 ;Lukascheck et al, 1995 ;Moldenaers et al, 1991 ;Muller et al, 1997 ;Onsager, 1949 ;Ostwald and Pieransky, 2000 ;Quist et al, 1992 ;Ramos, 2001 ;Richtering et al, 1994 ;Savage et al, 2010 ;Schmidt, 2006 ;Schmidt et al, 1988 ;Semenov and Khokhlov, 1988 ;Siebert et al, 1997 ;Spenley and Cates, 1994 ;Spenley et al, 1993Spenley et al, , 1996Srinivasarao, 1992 ;Tschierske, 2007 ;Wang et al, 2005 ;Yada et al, 2003 ;Yang, 2002 ). Nematic phases exhibit long -range orientational and translational order with no positional order, whereas hexagonal phases show both orientational and translational long -range order of the centers of mass of the micelles (Semenov and Khokhlov, 1988 ); see …”

“…Their properties have received considerable attention in the last years due to their remarkable structural and complex viscoelastic rheological fl ow behavior (Cates, 1987 ;Larson and Doi, 1991 ;Spenley and Cates, 1994 ;Spenley et al, 1993Spenley et al, , 1996Yang, 2002 ). Nematic phases exhibit long -range orientational and translational order with no positional order, whereas hexagonal phases show both orientational and translational long -range order of the centers of mass of the micelles (Chen et al, 1977 ;Clawson et al, 2006 ;De Melo et al, 2007 ;Hendrix et al, 1983 ;Amaral, 1990, 1993 ;Larson, 1999 ;Lawson and Flautt, 1967 ;Leadbetter and Wrighton, 1979 ;Lukascheck et al, 1995 ;Muller et al, 1997 ;Onsager, 1949 ;Ostwald and Pieransky, 2000 ;Quist et al, 1992 ;Richtering et al, 1994 ;Schmidt et al, 1988 ;Semenov and Khokhlov, 1988 ).…”

Ion Binding in Biological Systems as Studied by NMR Spectroscopy

“…1977Chen & Glickson. 1977Degani & Elgavirh, 1978Chen, 1978Persson & Lindman, 1977 Gustavrson Wennerstrom et al, 1979Fujiwara et al, 1974Persson & Lindman, unpulbished Fujiwara & Reeves, 1976Abdolall et al, 1977Chen et al. 1977Arnold et al, 1977aArnold et al, 1977b 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 X Figure 56.…”

Assessment of protein alignment using 1H–1H residual dipolar coupling measurements

“…It is tempting to assess alignment from splittings of the deuterium resonance from D 2 O added to the sample [6][7][8]. Here a quadrupole splitting displays the same type of angular dependence as the RDCs.…”

“…However, the high proton density in most molecules presents a problem. 1 H-1 H dipolar couplings between all pairs of protons within [6][7] A, are often observable leading to broad peaks and multiple splittings. Therefore, it is desirable to suppress most couplings while retaining a sufficient number of representative dipolar couplings to characterize the alignment.…”