Studies of systolic mechanics and diastolic behavior of the left ventricle in the trained racing greyhound

Rippe, James M.; Pape, Linda; Alpert, Joseph S.; Paraskos, John A; Kotilainen, Peter W.; Anas, John; Webster, William

doi:10.1007/bf01908315

Cited by 16 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 102 publications

(65 reference statements)

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“…Recently, studies in our laboratory have confirmed that indices of ventricular function in trained racing greyhounds are within the range of those found in mongrel dogs (9). Serial studies of trained animals demonstrated that an increase in resting left ventricular (LV) contractility indices occurred several months post training.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 78%

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Hemodynamics and left ventricular function: a comparison between adult racing greyhounds and greyhounds completely untrained from birth

et al. 1986

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Trained racing greyhounds are known to have cardiomegaly, higher mean arterial pressure and cardiac indices and lower systemic arterial resistances at rest than mongrel dogs. In order to distinguish between those hemodynamic and left ventricular functional characteristics that are inborn in the greyhound as opposed to those which are acquired through training, we studied 9 adult (mean age 22.9 +/- 4.2 [S.D.] months) trained racing greyhounds within 8 days of the cessation of training and 9 adult greyhounds raised under sedentary conditions (mean age 21.7 +/- 1.4 months). Seven healthy adult mongrel dogs served as additional controls. Right and left heart catheterizations of chloralose-anesthetized animals included hemodynamic and left ventricular functional measurements before and after volume loading with 500 ml 6% dextran in normal saline. Heart weight/body weight ratios were the same in both trained and untrained greyhounds, favoring the concept that the cardiomegaly of greyhounds is genetic and not acquired. Trained greyhounds had significantly decreased systemic vascular resistance, increased cardiac index and stroke volume, and a tendency (non significant) toward elevated systemic arterial pressure in comparison to mongrels. Life-long untrained adult greyhounds had hemodynamic measurements that did not differ from mongrels; they also had significantly higher systemic vascular resistances and lower cardiac indices than trained greyhounds. Some hemodynamic characteristics of the trained adult greyhound dog are not present in completely untrained greyhounds and are the result of either training alone or training superimposed on genetic predisposition.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 78%

“…Nine trained racing greyhounds, 4 females and 5 males, underwent typical training and racing protocols, the details of which have been previously reported (9). They were obtained from a local trainer and studied within 8 days of arrival at our facility.…”

Section: Animalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hemodynamics and left ventricular function: a comparison between adult racing greyhounds and greyhounds completely untrained from birth

et al. 1986

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“…This suggests that LV hypertrophy in racing greyhounds reflects a genetic trait rather than a response to training. Moreover, the exercise component may be too small and the individual variability too great to show difference by comparing small groups of different animals 16–19 . In addition, no significant difference in LV mass was found between the exercise and sedentary group of beagles 38 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Echocardiographic Reference Values in Whippets

Bavegems

Duchateau

Sys

et al. 2007

Vet Radiology Ultrasound

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The aim of the study was to establish reference echocardiographic values for whippets, to compare these values with previously published reference values for the general dog population, and to determine whether there is an influence of gender and breeding lines on echocardiographic measurements. Echocardiographic parameters from 105 apparently healthy whippets without cardiac symptoms were used to establish reference values for the breed and to compare these values with two previously reported reference ranges. The coefficients of the allometric equation Y= aM(b), useful to reconstruct normal M-mode and two-dimensional average values for whippets of varying weights, were calculated, as well as the lower and upper limits of the 95% prediction interval. First, we found that whippets have a significantly larger left ventricular diameter, increased left ventricular wall, and interventricular septum thickness than expected, in diastole as well as in systole. Fractional shortening was significantly lower than the reference value. Second, comparing males and females, taking body weight differences into account, females had a significantly larger left ventricular diameter in diastole and systole. Minor differences were found between racing and show pedigree dogs. In conclusion, the results of this study confirm that breed-specific reference values are needed in echocardiography. In whippets, the values found in this study can be used as references in order to avoid overinterpretation of cardiac dilation, hypertrophy, and/or decreased contractility in these dogs.

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“…Subtle subvalvular or supravalvular aortic diameter changes that were not identified in the current study could potentially exist, but they were not reported in any of the previous echocardiographic or invasive cardiovascular physiology studies conducted in the breed. [6][7][8][9][10] Blood viscosity was not specifically measured because of technical reasons; only the Hct and serum protein concentration were evaluated, and, as discussed above, Hct is the main determinant of blood viscosity, contributing to .90% of the viscosity measurement. 3 The data we obtained do not provide definitive evidence of whether blood viscosity contributes to the dynamics involved in murmur genesis, but as previously discussed, high viscosity should decrease the likelihood of turbulent flow in Greyhounds.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Left Basilar Systolic Murmur in Retired Racing Greyhounds

Fabrizio

Baumwart

Iazbik

et al. 2006

Veterinary Internal Medicne

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Nineteen of 28 (67%) Greyhounds enrolled in the Blood Donor Program at The Veterinary Teaching Hospital, The Ohio State University (Columbus, OH), had a left basilar systolic murmur. Ten Greyhounds with murmurs and 9 without murmurs were evaluated to gain knowledge about the pathogenesis of this murmur. Echocardiograms were performed without sedation by means of a GE Vivid 7 Echocardiographic System with a continuous ECG; systolic arterial blood pressure (SABP) was measured with an Ultrasonic Doppler Flow detector model 811-B. The mean peak aortic velocity in the Greyhounds with murmurs (2.15 m/s; range, 1.8-2.2 m/s) was significantly higher than in the Greyhounds without murmurs (1.89 m/s; range, 1.6-2.0 m/s) (P < .001); there were no significant differences between groups for aortic valve or annulus diameter, fractional shortening, pulmonic velocity, SABP, hematocrit, serum protein concentration, or red blood cell counts. In this study, Greyhounds with soft, left basilar systolic murmurs had mildly (but significantly) higher mean peak aortic velocities than similar dogs without murmurs. In the dogs with murmurs (and higher velocities), we could not identify structural abnormalities, such as valvular lesions or other congenital defects. There was no inverse correlation between the systolic murmur and the higher hematocrit and red blood cell counts observed in this breed. This 1-2/6 basilar systolic murmur is common in Greyhounds, and it does not appear to be of any clinical consequence.

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Studies of systolic mechanics and diastolic behavior of the left ventricle in the trained racing greyhound

Cited by 16 publications

References 102 publications

Hemodynamics and left ventricular function: a comparison between adult racing greyhounds and greyhounds completely untrained from birth

Hemodynamics and left ventricular function: a comparison between adult racing greyhounds and greyhounds completely untrained from birth

Echocardiographic Reference Values in Whippets

Left Basilar Systolic Murmur in Retired Racing Greyhounds

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