“…, H 2 O 2 is an oxidizing agent, so it requires an anodic type material to be detected, whereas HF is a reducing agent, so it requires a cathodic material to be detected. Transition metal oxides (TMOs) such as NiO, 16 Co 3 O 4 , 17,18 WO 3 , 19 ZnO, 20 MoO 3 , 21 TiO 2 , 18 etc. have been explored for electrochemical sensing, 22 electrochromic devices, 23,24 supercapacitors 25–27 and battery performance.…”