Studies of smectite membrane behavior Electrokinetic, osmotic, and isotopic fractionation processes at elevated pressures

Demir, Ilham

doi:10.1016/0016-7037(88)90333-x

Cited by 41 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…The corresponding applied hydraulic gradients were calculated to be from 5571 for the 0% clay sample to 16,831 for the 50% clay sample (Table I). While these applied hydraulic gradients seem high compared to natural shallow geologic conditions, they are significantly lower than previously published reverse osmosis experiments (Kharaka and Berry, 1973;Kharaka and Smalley, 1976;Fritz and Marine, 1983;Benzel and Graf, 1984;Haydon and Graf, 1985;Demir, 1988;Fritz and Whitworth, 1994;Ishiguro et al, 1995;Whitworth and DeRosa, 1997;Liangxiang et al, 2003a, b).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 62%

“…Significant evidence exists that pure clays exhibit osmotic or membrane properties (Milne et al, 1963;Kharaka and Berry, 1973;Fritz and Marine, 1983;Benzel and Graf, 1984;Haydon and Graf, 1985;Fritz and Eady, 1985;Demir, 1988;Fritz and Whitworth, 1994;Whitworth and Fritz, 1994;Ishiguro et al, 1995;Malusis and Shackelford, 2002;Liangxiong et al, 2003a, b;Whitworth et al, 2003). Abichou et al (2002) experimented with simulated sand-bentonite mixtures and showed that adding as little as 5% bentonite to the simulated sand reduced the hydraulic conductivity by four orders of magnitude.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

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Hyperfiltration of Nacl Solutions Using a Simulated Clay/Sand Mixture at Low Compaction Pressures

Saindon

Whitworth

2005

Aquat Geochem

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It is widely recognized that clays and shales can demonstrate membrane properties. When a hydraulic head differential exists across a membrane-functioning clay-rich barrier, some of the solute is rejected by the membrane. This process is known as hyperfiltration. Some shallow geologic environments, including aquitards bounding shallow perched aquifers and unconfined aquifers, some river and stream beds, and some lake bottoms contain clay-soil mixes. Many engineering structures such as landfill liners, mixed soil augered barriers, and retention pond liners also consist of soil-clay mixes. No previous testing has been performed to investigate the likelihood that hyperfiltration may occur in such mixed soils. Therefore, we performed five experiments using different mixes of Na-bentonite and glass beads (100, 50, 25, 12 and 0% clay) to determine if any of these mixes exhibited membrane properties and to investigate what effect clay content had upon the membrane properties of the soil. Each mixture was compacted to 345 kPa and the sample mixtures were 0.58-0.97 mm thick. All the experiments used an approximately 35 ppm Cl ) solution under an average 103 kPa hydraulic head. Experimental results show that all the simulated clay-sand mixtures do exhibit measurable membrane properties under these conditions. Values of the calculated reflection coefficient ranged from a low of 0.03 for 12% bentonite to 0.19 for 100% bentonite. Solute rejection ranged from 5.2% for 12% clay to a high of over 30% for the 100% clay. The 100% glass bead sample exhibited no membrane properties.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 62%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Hyperfiltration of Nacl Solutions Using a Simulated Clay/Sand Mixture at Low Compaction Pressures

Saindon

Whitworth

2005

Aquat Geochem

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“…Yeh (1980) demonstrated membrane filtration as a fundamental process in depleting the deuterium content of the migrating fluid in sedimentary rocks. This effect would also deplete the 18 O content of the migrating fluid (Coplen and Hanshaw, 1973;Demir, 1988). Primmer and Shaw (1991) examined the membrane filtration for hydrogen isotope compositions of interlayer water and showed that the water giving rise to the overpressure is more enriched in 18 O than normally pressured pore water.…”

Section: Occurrence Of Geopressured Fluidmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stable and noble gas isotopic study of thermal and groundwaters in northwestern Hokkaido, Japan and the occurrence of geopressured fluids

et al. 2010

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owing to interaction with the surrounding rocks. In several areas, fossil sea water was found to have δ 18 O values of +5 to +8‰ due to the oxygen isotopic shift caused by the interaction, but to retain almost the same Cl concentration as fresh sea water (e.g., Sakai and Matsubaya, 1974;Mizukami et al., 1977;Shibata et al., 2005).At depths below ca. 2 km in sedimentary regions associated with oil and/or natural gas, formation waters tend to be geopressured fluid with pressures between hydrostatic and lithostatic values (e.g., Myers, 1968;Jones, 1970;Oki et al., 1999;Xu et al., 2006). The δD and δ 18 O data show that most geopressured fluid can be explained as a mixture of fossil sea water and local meteoric water, with an oxygen isotope shift due to rock-water interaction. Recently, fluids that have oilfield-like characteristic, with unusually high δD (-20‰) and low Cl concentrations (ca. 6,000 mg/L) have been observed along faults in the Horonobe area (Ishii et al., 2006). These fluids might have originated as a mixture between sea water and Stable and noble gas isotopic study of thermal and groundwaters in northwestern Hokkaido, Japan and the occurrence of geopressured fluids (Received July 14, 2009; Accepted June 7, 2010) Thermal and groundwaters are distributed along the west coast and in the inland region of Northwestern Hokkaido, Japan. The waters in the latter group have relatively high temperatures. Stable (D, O) and noble gas isotopic compositions of 23 thermal and groundwaters were analyzed to investigate their origins. The Cl concentrations vary from 45 to 19,300 mg/L and the δD values are in the range of -90 to -8‰. The δD-δ 18 O plots show a linear relationship which can be explained by a simple mixing of local meteoric waters and altered sea water, with oxygen isotopic shift of 5‰. However, a δD-Cl plot shows that there is also a contribution of an additional water component of different origin. This 3rd component has a δD value of -20‰ and Cl concentration of 6,000 mg/L. Multivariate statistical analysis of the observed chemical and isotopic compositions using the code M3 (M; multivariate mixing and mass balance) also supports the view that the Toyotomi thermal water has the composition closest to that of the 3rd groundwater component. This component is regarded as a geopressured fluid.The 3 He/ 4 He ratios in these waters are in the range of (0.1-5) × 10 -6 , which indicate contributions of both mantle and crustal He to the thermal and groundwaters in the studied area. The Toyotomi thermal water has a 3 He/ 4 He ratio of 5.5 × 10 -7 , and a high 3 He/ 20 Ne ratio (~700). These results indicate a crustal He input with a small amount of mantle-derived He and imply that the 3rd groundwater component is of deep origin. On the basis of isotopic and chemical compositions, 5 of 23 samples studied groundwater and thermal waters are contributed by a geopressured fluid component. The results show that geopressured fluids with a δD value of -20‰ and Cl concentration of 6,000 mg/L are widely distributed ...

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“…The CPL causes a distinct difference in water chemistry adjacent to functioning membranes. Also, isotopes can be fractionated during passage through the membrane (Demir 1988;Fritz and Whitworth 1994) possibly leading to erroneous determination of the source of water in geochemical investigations.…”

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confidence: 99%

Membrane effects during filtering investigation of membrane effects during filtering of natural surface waters in Missouri

Saindon

Whitworth

2006

Aquat Geochem

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Previous work has demonstrated that suspended clay accumulating on filter paper can act as a membrane and affect chemical concentrations in the filtered water. For this reason, we looked at the possibility of membrane effects altering water chemistry during filtering for Missouri Rivers. Membrane effects during filtering could cause an initial decrease in sample concentrations as the filter cake began acting as a membrane, with a corresponding increase of concentration as the concentration polarization layer was formed behind the filter cake. Samples from five Missouri rivers were tested: the Mississippi River at St. Louis, the Missouri River at Kansas City, the Gasconade River at Jerome, the Osage River at the junction of Highway 63 and 50, and the Meramec River one mile downstream from springs. Three 1-l samples were filtered from each river using a 0.45 lm filter. An unfiltered sample from each river underwent dialysis to determine the actual ion concentrations of the overall sample. None of the filtered samples demonstrated a statistically significant alteration of water chemistry using current filtering techniques in this preliminary study, suggesting that membrane effects due to accumulation of clay particles on filter paper may not be a common problem in Missouri and similar regions.

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Studies of smectite membrane behavior Electrokinetic, osmotic, and isotopic fractionation processes at elevated pressures

Cited by 41 publications

References 24 publications

Hyperfiltration of Nacl Solutions Using a Simulated Clay/Sand Mixture at Low Compaction Pressures

Hyperfiltration of Nacl Solutions Using a Simulated Clay/Sand Mixture at Low Compaction Pressures

Stable and noble gas isotopic study of thermal and groundwaters in northwestern Hokkaido, Japan and the occurrence of geopressured fluids

Membrane effects during filtering investigation of membrane effects during filtering of natural surface waters in Missouri

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