Studies of polymerization and crosslinking of aqueous acrylamide

Rosiak, Janusz M.; K, Burczak; Pȩkala, W.; Piślewski, N.; Idziak, S.; Charlesby, A.

doi:10.1016/1359-0197(88)90170-1

Cited by 10 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…[5] Therefore, to ensure appropriate dose resolution, it is not enough to increase the slope (by, e.g. increase in concentration of monomers that would lead to higher rate of propagation reactions as a result of higher probability of a monomer molecule to encounter another radicalised one [10] ), but maximization of the slopeto-intercept relation, so minimization of the intercept value is necessary. The comparison of R 2 (D) for VIPAR nd and VIPAR suggests that the lower slope-to-intercept ratio for the new composition is mainly due to increase of the intercept value.…”

Section: Basic Dosimetric Features Of Vipar Ndmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the Development of the VIPAR Polymer Gel Dosimeter for Three‐Dimensional Dose Measurements

Kozicki

Maras

Biegański

et al. 2007

Macromolecular Symposia

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Summary:The new polymer gel dosimeter, based on the modification of the VIPAR gel composition, is described for the purpose of radiation dose distribution measurement in radiotherapy. It features increased concentration of the two VIPAR substrates: N-vinylpyrrolidone (8%) and gelatine (7.5%) (N,N 0 -methylenebisacrylamide was maintained at 4%), and the addition of copper sulphate (0.0008%) and ascorbic acid (0.007%) in order to facilitate the preparation through elimination of the need for deoxygenation of the gel. Following the exposure to ionizing radiation, polymerisation and cross-linking of the new gel monomers occurs retaining the spatial distribution of absorbed dose and causing opacity of the gel. Quantitative parameters of the new gel dose response were studied using magnetic resonance imaging to relate polymerisation induced physicochemical changes of the gel to dose. The dose threshold is found significantly lower than that of the original VIPAR gel. The linear part of measured spin-spin relaxation rate R 2 (D) ( ¼ 1/T 2 (D)) reaches up to 35 Gy. Its slope and an intercept are slightly higher relative to the original VIPAR. The efficiency of the new polymer gel-magnetic resonance imaging dosimeter was also tested for dose verification of a 3D dose distribution planned by a commercially available treatment planning software (Eclipse External Beam v.6.5) and delivered by a 6 MV medical linear accelerator. The new polymer gel is proposed to be called, VIPAR nd (after VIPAR-normoxic-double).

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Section: Basic Dosimetric Features Of Vipar Ndmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the Development of the VIPAR Polymer Gel Dosimeter for Three‐Dimensional Dose Measurements

Kozicki

Maras

Biegański

et al. 2007

Macromolecular Symposia

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“…Radiation technique seems viable for the preparation of hydrogels, since monomers or a polymer in aqueous solution or water‐swollen state readily undergoes crosslinking on irradiation to yield a gel‐like material. As this hydrogel is not contaminated with foreign additives, crosslinks must be composed of stable CC bonds, and it is of interest to study the preparation of hydrogels by irradiation 9, 10…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Radiation synthesis and characterization of 2‐hydroxyethyl‐methacrylate‐based hydrogels containing di‐ and tri‐protic acid and its application on wastewater treatment

Abdel-Aal

Hegazy

Taleb

et al. 2007

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Radiation-crosslinked 2-hydroxyethylmethacrylate/citric acid (HEMA/CAc), 2-hydroxyethylmethacrylate/tartaric acid (HEMA/TA), and 2-hydroxyethylmethacrylate/succinic acid (HEMA/Sc) copolymers were prepared by using 60 Co g-rays. The gel fraction yield and the swelling behavior of the prepared hydrogels were studied. It was shown that increasing irradiation doses was accompanied by an increase in yield of gel fraction and a decrease in swelling degree. The parameters of equilibrium swelling, maximum swelling, initial swelling rate, swelling exponent, and diffusion coefficient of the hydrogels were determined by studying the swelling behavior of the hydrogels prepared. It was seen that the equilibrium swelling degree increases as the content of acid increases, as a result of introducing more hydrophilic groups. When the hydrophilic polymer (acids) varies in the content range of 40-80 mg, swelling exponents (n) decreases, thereby indicating a shift in the water-transport mechanism from the anomalous (non-Fickian)-type to the Fickian-type. Characterization and some selected properties of the prepared hydrogels were studied, and accordingly the possibility of its practical use in the treatment of industrial wastes such as dyes and heavy metals (Fe, Ni, Co, and Cu) were also studied. The effect of treatment time, pH of feed solution, initial feed concentration, and temperature on the dye and heavy metals uptake was determined. The uptake order for a given metal was HEMA/TA hydrogel > HEMA/ CAc > HEMA/Sc hydrogel.

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“…[47-[52] Analysis of the mechanisms of water diffusion in swellable polymeric systems has received considerable attention in recent years because of important applications of swellable polymers in biomedical, pharmaceutical, environmental, and agricultural engineering. [11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20] Equation (3) is used to determine the nature of water diffusion into hydrogels.…”

Section: Diffusionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…PAAm hydrogels have proven capability of water absorption and biocompatibility with physiologic body fluids. [16][17][18][19][20] In our previous study, acrylamidemaleic acid hydrogels containing a number of hydrophilic groups have been used for the adsorption of some heavy metal ions, [21] basic dyes, [22,23] bovine serum albumin, [24] Full Paper: Acrylamide/itaconic acid hydrogels in the form of rods are prepared by c-irradiation of ternary mixtures of acrylamide/itaconic acid/water with 2.00-5.71 kGy c-rays. Spectroscopic and thermal characterization of the copolymers were examined.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%