Studies of Polonium Removal from Molten Lead-Bismuth for Lead-Alloy-Cooled Reactor Applications

Buongiorno, Jacopo; Loewen, Eric P.; Czerwinski, Kenneth R.; Larson, Christopher

doi:10.13182/nt04-a3539

Cited by 34 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…[11,9] Also Polonium hydride (H 2 Po) is assumed to be produced in the interaction with water and is therefore expected in the LBE cover gas [12,13,14,15,6]. However, its presence is questionable on basis of its thermodynamical instability[2, 16,17]. More recently, the thermochromatography study of Maugeri [18] tentatively assigns observed 40 experimental signals to PoO, PoOH and PoO 2 .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Binary and ternary Po-containing molecules relevant for LBE cooled reactors at operating temperature

Deyne

Rijpstra

Waroquier

et al. 2015

Journal of Nuclear Materials

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Quantum-chemical calculations at several levels of theory were used to assess the stability at different temperatures of a set of 13 binary and ternary Pocontaining molecules that could possibly be formed in an environment with lead, bismuth, oxygen and water. These are conditions that are relevant for a heavy liquid metal cooled fission reactor. The conclusions are that especially PoPb, PbPoO and PoOH and to a lesser extent Po 2 and PoO are stable. These small molecules are likely to be found near the Lead-Bismuth-Eutectic (LBE) coolant at operational temperatures. In contrast Po 3 and PoBi are unlikely to be present under the assumed conditions. Several stability criteria, such as the dissociation into free atoms or into molecular fragments at realistic Poconcentrations or in the thermodynamic limit are discussed at different temperatures. The results obtained with a medium level of theory (Density Functional Theory, PBE0 with Relativistic Effective Core Potentials) show good qualitative correspondence with calculations performed at a much higher level of theory (Multi Reference Configuration Interaction, with spin-orbit coupling and scalar relativistic Hamiltonian). This makes the medium level of theory to be a fair alternative, for obtaining at least qualitative insight, for a high level calculation method which is unfeasible for much larger systems.

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Binary and ternary Po-containing molecules relevant for LBE cooled reactors at operating temperature

Deyne

Rijpstra

Waroquier

et al. 2015

Journal of Nuclear Materials

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“…Of interest to LBETF operations is the high-energy accelerator used in the specialized detection system. The accelerator is a transportable, pulsed electron accelerator (INL VARITRON) used to produce energetic (8)(9)(10)(11)(12) MeV) x-ray (bremsstrahlung) radiation.…”

Section: Inl Locationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A special issue of Nuclear Technology presented the actinide burning Pb (or Pb-alloy) cooled fission reactor concept. [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10] The nine coordinated papers in this dedicated issue provide an inclusive review of the project, and demonstrate INL's technical competence in Pb-alloy cooled reactors.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Idaho National Laboratory Lead or Lead-Bismuth Eutectic (LBE) Test Facility - R&D Requirements, Design Criteria, Design Concept, and Concept Guidance

Loewen¹,

Demkowicz²

2005

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SUMMARYThe Idaho National Laboratory Lead-Bismuth Eutectic Test Facility will advance the state of nuclear technology relative to heavy-metal coolants (primarily Pb and Pb-Bi), thereby allowing the U.S. to maintain the pre-eminent position in overseas markets and a future domestic market. The end results will be a better qualitative understanding and quantitative measure of the thermal physics and chemistry conditions in the molten metal systems for varied flow conditions (single and multiphase), flow regime transitions, heat input methods, pumping requirements for varied conditions and geometries, and corrosion performance. Furthering INL knowledge in these areas is crucial to sustaining a competitive global position.This fundamental heavy-metal research supports the National Energy Policy Development Group's stated need for energy systems to support electrical generation.

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“…210m Bi is also an activation product of 209 Bi neutron capture, and is an alpha-ray emitting isotope with long half life of 3Â10 6 year. While its large amount and high radioactivity are pointed out in the evaluation of residual activity of LBE cooled fast reactor's coolant, 4) we can find in literatures no specific investigation to compare the amount of radionuclide vapor between 210 Po and 210m Bi.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…None the less, Te is often used as a surrogate of Po because of the similarity in chemical characteristics. For example, Ermolaev et al 5) and Buongiorno et al 6) used Te as a chemical surrogate of Po in their experiments for investigating the characteristics of Po removal from liquid LBE. While all the isotopes of Po are radioactive, Te has non-radioactive isotope to be handled more easily and enables further experimental investigation than Po.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Equilibrium Evaporation Behavior of Polonium and Its Homologue Tellurium in Liquid Lead-Bismuth Eutectic

Ohno

Kurata

Miyahara

et al. 2006

J. Nucl. Sci. Technol.

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Experimental study using the transpiration method investigates equilibrium evaporation behavior of radionuclide polonium ( 210 Po) generated and accumulated in liquid lead-bismuth eutectic (LBE) cooled nuclear systems. The experiment consists of two series of tests: preliminary evaporation tests for homologue element tellurium (Te) Bi vapor in a cover gas region of a typical LBE-cooled nuclear system is specifically estimated based on the obtained experimental results, and the importance of 210 Po evaporation behavior is quantitatively demonstrated.

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Studies of Polonium Removal from Molten Lead-Bismuth for Lead-Alloy-Cooled Reactor Applications

Cited by 34 publications

References 11 publications

Binary and ternary Po-containing molecules relevant for LBE cooled reactors at operating temperature

Binary and ternary Po-containing molecules relevant for LBE cooled reactors at operating temperature

Idaho National Laboratory Lead or Lead-Bismuth Eutectic (LBE) Test Facility - R&D Requirements, Design Criteria, Design Concept, and Concept Guidance

Equilibrium Evaporation Behavior of Polonium and Its Homologue Tellurium in Liquid Lead-Bismuth Eutectic

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