Studies of plant cuticle and spray droplet interactions: A fresh approach

Baker, E. A.; Hunt, Grace M.; Stevens, Peter J.

doi:10.1002/ps.2780140613

Cited by 70 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 7 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Cellulose acetate was dissolved in acetone (10% w/v) and used to strip wax from the plant surface (Baker et al, 1983). This viscous solution was painted onto the whole seedling (stem and all exposed leaf surfaces).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aphid responses to non‐host epicuticular lipids

Powell

Maniar

Pickett

et al. 1999

Entomologia Exp Applicata

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Initiation of stylet penetration by aphids depends on the sensory assessment of a number of plant surface features including colour, texture and phytochemicals (volatile and non-volatile). Video recording behaviour of the black bean aphid, Aphis fabae, showed that these insects rapidly inserted their stylets following contact with host plants (beans), but were reluctant to penetrate non-hosts (oats). However, when epicuticular waxes were stripped from oats, using cellulose acetate, aphids penetrated the plant surface significantly earlier than on oats with the wax layer intact. Chloroform extraction of epicuticular lipids, followed by coupled gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, revealed a complex blend of wax components on beans, whereas one compound (1-hexacosanol) predominated on oats. Epicuticular lipids were applied to artificial (glass) substrates in order to investigate their behavioural activity. Initiation of a stylet penetration attempt by A. fabae was delayed when the oat extract or pure 1-hexacosanol were applied, but the bean extract had no behavioural effect. The results suggest that epicuticular lipids play an important role in the early stages of host-plant selection by A. fabae.

show abstract

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aphid responses to non‐host epicuticular lipids

Powell

Maniar

Pickett

et al. 1999

Entomologia Exp Applicata

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Adaxial crystalline wax was removed from second initiated rape leaves at about 20 % of full leaf expansion using a cellulose acetate film (Baker, Hunt & Stevens, 1983). The 'de-waxed' leaves were then treated as in previous experiments with SR of one of four pHs (5-6, 4-2, 3*4, 2-6) and leaf surface area, wax quantity and wax chemical composition were determined.…”

Section: Epicuticular Wax Regenerationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Simulated Acid Rain on Production, Morphology and Composition of Epicuticular Wax and on Cuticular Membrane Development

Percy

Baker

1987

New Phytologist

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

SUMMARYLeaves of Phaseolus vulgaris L., Vicia faba L., Pisum sativum L. and Brassica napus L. were exposed to simulated rain from emergence to full expansion at seven pHs between 56 and 26, applied at 2 mm h"^ in amounts and at intervals representative of ambient rain in southwestern England. Leaf expansion was unaffected by rain pH greater than 30 in V.faba, and pH 2 6 in the other species. Macroscopic foliar injury was induced at pH ^ 34 in non-wettable leaves of P. sativum and B. napus which had relatively large deposits of crystalline epicuticular wax, and at pH 3-0 in wettable leaves of P. vulgaris and V. faba which had small deposits of amorphous wax. Foliar injury was greatest in species with crystalline wax. Wax production was affected by simulated acid rain in all species and was often accompanied by changes in wax composition. Wax quantity was reduced on leaves of P. vulgaris exposed to rain at pH ^ 4 6, while wax on leaves of P. sativum and B. napus had increased numbers of smaller plates and tubes, respectively, per unit area at pH ^4 6. Leaves of B. napus, stripped of crystalline epicuticular wax at about 20% full expansion, regenerated less wax at pH 3 4 than at pH 5 6. The thickness of the cuticular membranes in leaves of P. vulgaris, V.faba and P. sativum exposed to simulated acid rain at pH < 4 2 decreased by 28 to 35 % compared with those exposed to pH 5 6 rain. Membrane ultrastructure was also altered in leaves of P. vulgaris. Taken together, these changes could have important consequences for leaf wettability, rainfall retention, foliar uptake of chemicals and host-parasite interactions.

show abstract

“…Another possible explanation is that, following fipronil treatment, greater deposition and absorption occur at C. indicum L. relative to the other two plants. Significant variations in pesticide deposition and absorption between different plants have been documented by Baker et al [26]. An additional explanation is that the blooming period of C. indicum L. is long, which means that most flowers sampled received direct deposition of fipronil upon treatment.…”

Section: à2mentioning

confidence: 92%

Toxicities of fipronil enantiomers to the honeybee Apis mellifera L. and enantiomeric compositions of fipronil in honey plant flowers

Bao

Yang

et al. 2009

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Fipronil is a chiral phenylpyrazole insecticide that is effective for control of a wide range of agricultural and domestic pests at low application rates. Wide application of fipronil also causes poisoning of some nontarget insects, such as honeybees. In the present study, toxicities of fipronil enantiomers and racemate to the honeybee Apis mellifera L. were determined to examine whether using formulations of single or enriched fipronil enantiomer is a possible option to reduce risks to bees. Contact toxicity tests yielded median lethal doses (LD50) of 3.45, 3.38, and 3.86 ng/bee for the R(-)-enantiomer, S(+)-enantiomer, and racemate, respectively. Analysis of variance indicates that the LD50 values are not statistically different (p = 0.41). Oral toxicities of the R-enantiomer, S-enantiomer, and racemate (nominal median lethal concentration = 0.037, 0.045, 0.053 mg/L, respectively) were also demonstrated to be not statistically different (p = 0.20). In addition, enantiomeric fractions of fipronil in the flowers of three honey plants (Brassica campestris, Cucumis sativus, and Chrysanthemum indicum L.) were examined after treatment with fipronil. It was found that degradation of fipronil in all three plants is not enantioselective. These results indicate that it is unlikely that use of formulations with single or enriched fipronil enantiomer would reduce the risk that fipronil poses to honeybees. Improved fipronil application practices (based on safest timing and bloom conditions) and reduction of overall fipronil usage seem to be more realistic options.

show abstract

Studies of plant cuticle and spray droplet interactions: A fresh approach

Cited by 70 publications

References 7 publications

Aphid responses to non‐host epicuticular lipids

Aphid responses to non‐host epicuticular lipids

Effects of Simulated Acid Rain on Production, Morphology and Composition of Epicuticular Wax and on Cuticular Membrane Development

Toxicities of fipronil enantiomers to the honeybee Apis mellifera L. and enantiomeric compositions of fipronil in honey plant flowers

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About