Studies of Np and Pu in the marine environment of Swedish–Danish waters and the North Atlantic Ocean

Lindahl, Patric; Roos, Per; Holm, E.; Dahlgaard, H.

doi:10.1016/j.jenvrad.2005.01.011

Cited by 47 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 26 publications

(29 reference statements)

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“…Previous studies of environmental transport of 237 Np have shown that the mobility of 237 Np conspicuously depended on its speciation and redox conditions of the surroundings (Dozol andHagemann 1993, Choppin 2006). Neptunium was found to be very mobile in surface waters such as Irish Sea (Assinder 1999), Lake Karachai (Novikov et al 2009) and Swedish-Danish waters (Lindahl et al 2005) due to the oxygenated water conditions. Even if the initial distribution of Np is similar, if not the same, as Pu, the former radionuclide tends to become pentavalent and mobile as it migrates away from its origins over time (Lindahl et al 2004& 2005, Novikov et al 2009).…”

Section: Neptunium Transport Behaviormentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The most common oxidation state of 237 Np in natural oxic waters is expected to be +5 (as NpO 2 + ), which sorbs relatively weakly to minerals and other organic and inorganic ligands (Choppin 2006, Assinder et al 1991, Assinder 1999, Kenna and Sayles 2002, Kenna 2009). Thus, among the actinides, it is expected that Np should be far more mobile than Pu and Am (Lindahl et al 2005. 237 Np was identified in the proposed Yucca Mountain repository total system performance assessment to be a key long-term dose contributor due to its long half life and relatively high solubility in the assumed oxygenated environment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Major challenges in the analysis of 237 Np in environmental samples are its ultra low concentration and lack of a suitable yield tracer. Primary techniques used for determination of 237 Np in environmental samples are alpha spectrometry (Gue´rin 2010, Harvey and Thurston 1988, Lindahl 2004, Prosser et al 1994, Rosner et al 1993, neutron activation analysis (Kalmykov et al 2004) and the most frequently used ICP-MS (Gue´rin et al 2010, Kuczewski et al 2003, Lindahl et al 2005, Röllin et al 2009, Truscitt et al 2001. Other sensitive methods, such as TIMS (Beasley et al 1998), AMS (Keith-Roach et al 2001, Wang et al 2010) and luminescence (Ivanova et al 1994, Novikov et al 2009) have also been reported.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Radionuclide measurement techniques for environmental samples have been reviewed in depth by several authors in recent years (Vajda and Kim 2011, Hou and Roos 2008, Ketterer and Szechenyi 2008, Lariviere et al 2006. (Lindahl et al 2004, Lindahl et al 2005, Röllin et al 2009, Prosser 1994, Harvey and Thurston 1988. The 239 Np can be "milked" by separating it from its parent isotope 243 Am.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Neptunium Transport Behavior in the Vicinity of Underground Nuclear Tests at the Nevada Test Site

Zhao¹,

Tinnacher²,

Zavarin³

et al. 2010

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Section: Neptunium Transport Behaviormentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Neptunium Transport Behavior in the Vicinity of Underground Nuclear Tests at the Nevada Test Site

Zhao¹,

Tinnacher²,

Zavarin³

et al. 2010

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“…The major sources of man-made radionuclides in the Baltic Sea are both nuclear weapon test and Chernobyl accident fallout [1][2][3][4][5][6][7]. The Chernobyl accident significantly contributed to the radioactive contamination of the marine environment of the Baltic Sea.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distribution of artificial radionuclides in the Baltic seaside environment

Druteikienė¹,

Morkūnienė²,

Lukšienė³

2011

Lithuanian J. Phys.

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Investigation on137 Cs and 239,240 Pu activity concentration was undertaken in a coastal zone of the Baltic Sea on the Lithuanian territory to study the vertical distribution of radionuclides (down to 30 cm). The Baltic seaside is one of the regions where the highest radionuclide concentrations after the Chernobyl NPP accident were detected. Moreover, this area is a significant recreational zone, therefore, peculiarities of radionuclide spreading in the environmental ecosystem are important from the radioecological point of view. The obtained results of vertical distribution of 137 Cs and 239,240 Pu in sand and forest soil suggest that the radionuclide downward migration depends on the structure of matrix and its chemical composition. Besides, the results of radionuclide distribution on the stripe between the Baltic Sea and the Curronian Lagoon indicate that the sea is a possible source of radioactive contaminants.

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Neptunium: Radionuclides

Runde¹,

Goff²

2005

Encyclopedia of Inorganic Chemistry

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Following the element uranium, neptunium is the fourth element in the actinide series. Although primordial neptunium isotopes formed during the creation of the solar system billions of years ago have long since decayed away, neptunium continues to be formed by the nuclear reactions in naturally occurring uranium deposits. Currently, trace amounts of neptunium isotopes can be isolated from uranium ore minerals. Most of present‐day inventory of neptunium originates from human activities, such as nuclear weapons testing, nuclear accidents, or irradiation of uranium fuel for producing nuclear energy. All neptunium isotopes are highly radioactive and pose extreme health hazards to humans when ingested or inhaled. Neptunium exhibits five oxidation states (III–VII) in solution and solid state, but only the IV and V oxidation states are relevant under most environmental conditions. In the +IV state, neptunium is insoluble and forms stable complexes with ligands abundant in natural environments (such as hydroxide, carbonate, or humic substances), and can adsorb onto mobile colloidal matter. In contrast, neptunium(V) forms a soluble dioxo‐cation in solution (NpO $_{2}^{+}$ ), which exhibits an increased solubility, weaker complex formation, and higher stability in the aqueous phases of aquatic systems. Thus, neptunium(V) is mostly characterized as the dominant solution species, while Np(IV) is found to be adsorbed on sediments, minerals, and colloidal particles. There is no large‐scale use of neptunium in industrial applications.

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Studies of Np and Pu in the marine environment of Swedish–Danish waters and the North Atlantic Ocean

Cited by 47 publications

References 26 publications

Neptunium Transport Behavior in the Vicinity of Underground Nuclear Tests at the Nevada Test Site

Neptunium Transport Behavior in the Vicinity of Underground Nuclear Tests at the Nevada Test Site

Distribution of artificial radionuclides in the Baltic seaside environment

Neptunium: Radionuclides

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